In the knowledge society, alternative leadership induces voluntary participation by motivating the members through horizontal, emotional approach and responsibility. There is little theoretical discussion about theoretical research on alternative leadership and its applicability in university libraries. In this study, we will discuss the theoretical review of alternative leadership, the change of knowledge management paradigm in university library, the role of manager and librarian, and alternative leadership application. Through this, I would like to suggest the development direction for strengthening the leadership of the librarians who will lead the university library.