바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

A Korean Validation Study of the QACSO(Questionnaire of Attitudes Consistent with Sexual Offending)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to verify the reliability and validity of Korean version of the QACSO, (Questionnaire of Attitudes Consistent with Sexual Offending; Lindsay, Whitefield, Carson, Broxholme, Steptoe, 2004) which was developed to measure the attitudes consistent with sexual offending of sex offenders with intellectual disability (ID) and to select A items with the most acceptable statistical properties and significantly discriminate sex offenders with ID from the other groups. Total of 223 participants including 32 sex offenders with ID in jail or community welfare center, 88 sex offenders under probation without ID, 31 non-offenders with ID in community welfare center, and 72 undergraduate students were selected as the subjects of this study. Study results are as following. Through item analysis considering the internal consistency, item-total correlations, and the mean score for each group, 58 questions were suggested to be ‘finally selected questionnaires’ that correspond to the A items. 58 questions consist of 53 questions for clinical subscales and 5 questions for ‘social desirability’ scale. 53 questions for seven clinical subscales (‘rape and attitudes to women’, ‘voyeurism’, ‘exhibitionism’, ‘stalking and sexual harassment’, ‘dating abuse’, ‘homosexual assault’ and ‘offences against children’) demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=.90) and item-total correlations (r=.38-.44). Also, ‘finally selected questionnaires (58 questions)’ had a good convergent, discriminant and criterion validity and it significantly discriminated sex offenders with ID from sex offender group without ID, non-offenders with ID, and non-offenders without ID. These results indicate that Korean version of the QACSO has adequate reliability and validity.

keywords
QACSO, 인지왜곡, 지적장애인, 성범죄자, 성범죄에 대한 태도, QACSO, cognitive distortion, intellectual disability, sex offenders, attitudes consistent with sexual offending

Reference

1.

박중규 (1999). 아동의 방해적 문제행동에 대한인지-행동적 부모훈련과 행동적 부모훈련의치료효과 비교. 연세대학교 박사학위 청구논문.

2.

박중규 (2002). 청소년용 사회적 바람직성척도개발을 위한 예비 연구. 인제의학, 23(4), 493-500.

3.

신경백, 이영준, 김경란, 김현정, 송동호 (2012). 국내 성폭력 가해자의 정신의학적, 심리학적 특성. 신경정신의학회지, 51, 170-177.

4.

이수정, 고려진, 박혜란 (2008). 한국 성범죄자위험성 평가 도구 개발 및 타당도 연구. 형사정책연구, 19(4). 1-37.

5.

장윤경 (2002). 데이트 성폭력 피해 경험에 관한연구: 데이트 성폭력 인지도의 매개효과를중심으로. 이화여자대학교 사회복지대학원석사학위논문.

6.

황순택, 김지혜, 박광배, 최진영, 홍상황 (2012). K-WAIS-Ⅳ 기술 및 해석요강. 대구: 한국심리(주).

7.

Abel, G. G., Becker, J. V., & Cunningham-Rathner, J. (1984). Complications, consent, and cognitions in sex between children and adults. International journal of law and psychiatry, 7(1), 89-103.

8.

Blanchard R., Watson M., Choy A., Dickey R., Klassen P., Kuban N. & Feren D. J. (1999)Paedophiles: Mental retardation, maternal age and sexual orientation. Archives of Sexual Behaviour 28, 111-127.

9.

Beckett, R. C., & Fisher, D. (1994, November). Assessing victim empathy: A new measure. In 13th annual conference of the Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, San Francisco.

10.

Boer, D. P., Dorward, J., Gauthier, C. M., & Watson, D. R. (1995, September). Treating intellectually disabled sex offenders. In Forum on Corrections Research (Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 30-33). http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/ index-eng. shtml.

11.

Brown, H., Stein, J., & Turk, V. (1995). The sexual abuse of adults with learning disabilities: Report of a second two year incidence survey. Mental Handicap Research, 8(1), 3-24.

12.

Broxholme, S. L., & Lindsay, W. R. (2003). Development and preliminary evaluation of a questionnaire on cognitions related to sex offending for use with individuals who have mild intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(6), 472-482.

13.

Cantor, J. M., Blanchard, R., Robichaud, L. K., & Christensen, B. K. (2005). Quantitative reanalysis of aggregate data on IQ in sexual offenders. Psychological Bulletin, 131(4), 555-568.

14.

Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of consulting psychology, 24(4), 349.

15.

Furey, E. M. (1994). Sexual abuse of adults with mental retardation: Who and where. Mental retardation.

16.

Hayes, S. (2002, June). Adaptive behaviour and background characteristics of sex offenders with intellectual disabilities. In International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities, Inaugural Conference of IASSID Europe, University College Dublin.

17.

Keeling, J. A., Beech, A. R., & Rose, J. L. (2007). Assessment of intellectually disabled sexual offenders: The current position. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12(2), 229-241.

18.

Kolton, D. J. (1996). A modified version of the Abel-Becker Cognition Scale for use with intellectually disabled sex offenders (Doctoral dissertation, Simon Fraser University).

19.

Kolton, D. J., Boer, A., & Boer, D. P. (2001). A revision of the Abel and Becker Cognition Scale for intellectually disabled sexual offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 13(3), 217-219.

20.

Langdon, P. E., & Talbot, T. J. (2006). Locus of control and sex offenders with an intellectual disability. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50(4), 391-401.

21.

Lindsay, W. R. (2002). Research and literature on sex offenders with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46(suppl. 1), 74-85.

22.

Lindsay, W. R., Michie, A. M., Whitefield, E., Martin, V., Grieve, A., & Carson, D. (2005). Response patterns on the questionnaire on attitudes consistent with sexual offending in groups of sex offenders with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19, 47-53.

23.

Lindsay, W. R., Whitefield, E., & Carson, D. (2007). An assessment for attitudes consistent with sexual offending for use with offenders with intellectual disabilities. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 12, 55-68.

24.

Lindsay, W. R., Whitefield, E., Carson, D., Broxholme, S., & Steptoe, L. (2004). Questionnaire on attitudes consistent with sexual offending (QACSO): Administration and scoring manual. Unpublished manuscript.(Available from Bill Lindsay: bill. lindsay@ tpct. scot. nhs. uk).

25.

Marshall, W. L., & Barbaree, H. E. (1989). Sexual violence. Clinical approaches to violence, 205-246.

26.

Marshall, W. L., & Eccles, A. (1991). Issues in clinical practice with sex offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6(1), 68-93.

27.

Murphy, W. D. (1990). Assessment and modification of cognitive distortions in sex offenders. In Handbook of sexual assault. Springer US, pp.331-342.

28.

Murphy, G., Powell, S., Guzman, A.-M., & Hays, S.-J. (2007) Cognitive-behavioural treatment for men with intellectual disabilities and sexually abusive behaviour: A pilot study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(11), 902-912.

29.

Murphy, G. H., Sinclair, N., Hays, S. J., Heaton, K., Powell, S., Langdon, P. E., ... & Craig, L. (2010). Effectiveness of group cognitive behavioural treatment for men with intellectual disabilities at risk of sexual offending. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(6), 537-551.

30.

Reynolds, W. M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe‐Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of clinical psychology, 38(1), 119-125.

31.

Salter, A. (1988). Treating child sex offenders and victims: A practical guide. Sage.

32.

Sobsey, D., & Doe, T. (1991). Patterns of sexual abuse and assault. Sexuality and Disability, 9(3), 243-259.

33.

Sugarman, D. B. (1996). Risk marker analysis of husband-to-wife violence: A continuum of aggression. Journal of applied social psycholigy, 26(4).

34.

Turk, V., & Brown, H. (1993). The Sexual Abuse of Adults with Learning Disabilites: Results of a Two Year Incidence Survey. Mental Handicap Research, 6(3), 193-216.

35.

Walker N. & McCabe S. (1973). Crime and Insanity in England. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.

36.

Wilson, K. E. (1998). Differences in cognitive distortions between Caucasion and African American male adolescent sexual offenders.

logo