ISSN : 1225-3480
소라 (Batillus cornutus) 외투막의 조직화학적 특성 및 미세구조를 광학현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 기재하였다. 소라의 외투막은 결합조직층을 단층상 피층이 위아래로 둘러싸고 있는 구조였으며, 상피층은 내장 기관계 쪽을 향하고 있는 내부상피층과 패각 쪽의 외부상피층으로 구분된다. 상피층에 의해 둘러싸인 결합조직층은 주로 교원섬유와 근섬유다발로 구성되며, 혈림프동이 발달하고 있었다. 외투막의 각정부 상피층에 분포하는 점액세포들은 산성 및 중성 점액다당류를 함유하고 있었으며, 중간부와 가장자리의 상피층에 분포하는 점액세포들은 비황화 강산성의 당단백질 점액성분을 함유하는 것으로 나타났다. 외투막의 두께, 상피층의 두께, 혈림프동의 면적은 각정부에서 가장자리로 갈수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였을 때 외투막의 상피층은 단층으로 원주형 상피세포, 섬모세포, 흡수세포, 분비세포로 구성되어 있었다. 외투막 상피세포들은 원주형으로 장방형의 핵을 가지며, 자유면에는 미세융모들이 발달되어 있었다. 상피세포 사이에는 폐쇄띠, 폐쇄대와 수지상막구조로 연결되어 있었다. 섬모세포는 자유면에 섬모와 미세융모를 가지며, 세포질의 상부에는 다수의 미토콘드리아를 가지고 있었다. 상피층에서는 흡수기능을 가지는 두 종류의 세포가 관찰되었다. 이들은 원주형으로 미세융모, 음소포, 미토콘드리아 그리고 전자밀도가 다양한 용해소체들을 함유하고 있었다. 소라 외투막에서는 네 종류 (A, B, C, D)의 분비세포를 구분할 수 있었는데, 이들은 모두 단세포선으로 확인되어 대부분의 복족류와 이매패류의 외투막에서 보고된 선세포들과 유사한 특징을 보였다.
The histochemical characteristics and ultrastructure of the mantle in the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus were described using light and electron microscopy. The simple epidermal layer wrapped on the top and bottom of the centrally located connective tissue. And then the epidermal layer were divided into the outer epidermal layer near a shell and the inner epidermal layer closed to the visceral mass. The connective tissue layer was composed of the collagen fiber muscularfiber bundle and hemolymph sinus. Mucous cells in the apical mantle contained acid and neutral mucopolysaccaride, and acidic carboxylated mucopolysaccaride in the mid and marginal mantle. The mantle thickness, epidermal layer thickness and hemolymph sinus area displayed a trend of reduction from the marginal zone to the apical zone. From TEM observation, it was possible to distinguish epithelium, ciliated cell, absorptive cell and secretory cell in the epidermal layer. The epithelia were columnar and the nucleus was elliptical. The free surface were covered with microvilli. The lateral membranes of epithelium was connected with neighboring cells by the zonular occludens, zonular adherens and membrane interdigitation. Ciliated cell on free surface had cilia and microvilli, and numerous mitochondria in the apical cytoplasm. In the epidermal layer, it observed 2 type cells having absorptive function. The absorptive cells were columnar in shape, and contained microvilli, pinocytotic vesicles, mitochondria and lysosomes of various electron density. Secretory cells can be divided into four types (A, B, C, D) depending on the cell shape and characteristics of secretory granules. These cells were unicellular glands and had similar characteristics to previously reported on the mantle of the gastropod and bivalves.
Bairati, A, (2001) An ultrastructural study of connective tissue in mollusc integument: II. Gastropoda, Tissue and Cell
Bubel,A, (1973) An electron microscope investigation of the cells lining the outer surface of the mantle in some marine molluscs, Marine Biology
Bubel,A, (1984) Epidermal cell, In: Biology of the integument, 1 Invertebrates, Springer- Verlag, New York
Cengiz, E.I, (2005) Histopathological effects of Thiodan on the freshwater snail, Galba truncatula (Gastropoda, Pulmonata), Journal of Applied Toxicology
Eble,A.F, (2001) Anatomy and histology of Mercenaria mercenaria. In: Biology of the hard clam, Elsevier, New York
Fleury, C, (2008) Shell repair process in the green ormer, Haliotis tuberculata: A histological and microstructural study, Tissue and Cell
Fretter, V, (1994) British prosobranch molluscs. Their functional anatomy and ecology, Ray Society, London
Hyman, L.H, (1967) he Invertebrates Vol. Ⅵ, Mollusca Ⅰ, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York
Kapur, S.P, (1968) A histochemical study of the development of the mantle-edge and shell in the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma duryi eudiscus (Pilsbry), Canadian Journal of Zoology
Kawaguti, S, (1962) Electron microscopy on the mantle of a bivalve, Fabulina nitidula, Biology Journal of Okayama University
Kawaguti, S, (1962) Electron microscopy on the mantle of a bivalve, Musculus senhousia during regeneration of the shell, Biology Journal of Okayama University
Kurosumi, K, (1984) Cytology of the secretion in mammalian sweat glands, International Review of Cytology
Lee, J.S, (2007) Histology and ultrastructure of the mantle epidermis of the equilateral venus, Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae), Journal of Shellfish Research
Lindberg, D.R, (1983) The topography, formation and role of the home depression of Coilisella scabra (Gould) (Gastropoda: Acmaeidae), Veliger
Luchtel, D.L, (2001) Body wall: form and function. In: The biology of terrestrial molluscs, Cabi Publishing, New York
Ma, K.H, (2003) Mantle ultrastructure of the granular ark, Tegillarca granosa (Bivalvia: Acridae), Journal of Korean Fisheries Society
Morrison, C.M, (1993) Histology and cell ultrastructure of the mantle and mantle lobes of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin): A summary atlas, American Malacological Bulletin
Neff,J.M, (1972) Ultrastructural studies of periostracum formation in the hard shelled clam Mercenaria mercenaria (L), Tissue and Cell
Neff,J.M, (1972) Ultrastructure of the outer epithelium of the mantle in the clam, Mercenaria mercenaria in relation to calcification of the shell, Tissue and Cell
Otludil, B, (2004) The effects of endosulfan on the great ramshorn snail, Planorbarius corneus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): A histopathological study, Chemosphere
Ottaviani,E, (1978) A gland system of the hypobranchial type in the mantle of Paludina vivipara draparnaud (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia). A morphological and histochemical study, Monitore Zoologico Italiano
Prezant,R.S, (1981) The arenophilic radial mantle glands of the Lyonsiidae (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata) with notes on Lyosiid evolution, Malacologia
Purchon, R.D, (1968) The biology of the Mollusca, Pergamon Press, Oxford and London
Saleuddin,A.S.M, (1974) An electron microscopic study of the formation and structure of the periostracum in Astarte (Bivalvia), Canadian Journal of Zoology
Stasek, C.R, (1973) The comparative morphology and evolution of the molluscan mantle edge, Veliger
Thompson,T.E, (1969) Acid secretion in Pacific ocean gastropods, Australian Journal of Zoology
Timmermans,L.P.M, (1969) Studies on shell formation in molluscs, Netherlands Journal of Zoology
Voltzow,J, (1994) Gastropoda: Prosobranchia. In: Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates Vol. 5. Mollusca Ⅰ, Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York
Wilbur, K.M, (1983) Shell formation, The Mollusca Vol. 4 Physiology Part 1
Yonge,C.M, (1948) Cleansing mechanism and the function of the fourth pallial aperture in Spisula subtruncata (da Costa) and Lutraria lutraria (L), Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
Yoo, J.-S, (1988) Korean shells in colour, Iljisa Publishing Co., Seoul
