ISSN : 1225-3480
Morphology and taxonomic values of the sperm in male Chlamys (Swiftopecten) swiftii were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. The morphologies and ultrastructures of the sperm nucleus and the acrosome of this species are the vase shape and long cone shape, respectively. Spermatozoa are approximately 45-50 μm long including a sperm nucleus (approximately 2.60 μm long), an acrosome (about 0.63 μm long), and a tail flagellum (approximately 44-47 μm in length). The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. In this study, the right and left basal rings in the acrosomal vesicle of this species show electron opaque part (region), and also the anterior apex part of the acrosomal vesicle shows electron opaque part (region). These characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle were found in Pectinidae and other several families in subclass Pteriomorphia. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species are four, as one of common characteristics appear in most species in Pectinidae in subclass Pteriomorphia. In addition, the satellite fibres are found near the distal centriole of this species, as have been reported in other species of Pectinidae in subclass Pteriomorphia. Accordingly, structutral characteristics which are found in the acrosomal vesicle, four mitochondria in the sperm midpiece and the appearance of the satellite fibers near the distal centriole of C. (S.) swiftii in Pectinidae (subclass Pteriomorphia), can be employed for phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses as taxonomic key or a significant tool.
Chung, E.Y. and Ryou, D.K. (2000) Gametogenesis and sexual maturation of the surf clam, Mactra veneriformis on the west coast of Korea. Malacologia, 42: 149-163.
Chung, E.Y., Lee, T.Y., Park, K.Y. and Son, P.W. (2005) Ultrastructural study on spermatogenesis and sexual maturation of the male jicon scallop, Chlamys farreri on the west coast of Korea, The Korean Journal of Malacology, 21: 95-105.
Chung, E.Y., Kim. E.J., and Park, G.M. (2007) Spermatogenesis and sexual maturation in male Mactra chinensis (Bivalvia: Mactridae) of Korea. Integrative Biosciences, 11: 227-234.
Chung, E.Y. (2008) Ultrastructural studies of oogenesis and sexual maturation on female Chamys (Azumapecten) farreri farreri on the western cost of Korea. Malacollogia, 50: 282-294.
Chung, E.Y., Chung, C.H., Kim, J.H., Park, S.W., Park, K.H. (2010) Ultrastructures of germ cells and the accessory cells during spermatogenesis in male Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae) on the east coast of Korea. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 26: 51-62.
Chung, E.Y., Kim, J.H., Kim, S.H., Seo, W.J. (2011) Germ cell development during spermatogenesis and some characteristics of mature sperm morphology in male Scaphalca subcrenata (Pteriomorphia: Arcidae) in western Korea. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 27: 121-129.
Eckelbarger, K.J. and Davis, C.V. (1996) Ultrastructure of the gona and gametogenesis in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. II. Testis and spermatogenesis. Marine Biology, 127: 89-96.
Eckelbarger, K.J., Bieler, R. and Mikkelsen, P.M. (1990) ltrastructure of sperm development and mature sperm morphology in three species of commensal bivalves (Mollusca: Galeommatoidea). Journal of Morphology, 205: 63-75.
Franzén, Å. (1956) On spermatogenesis, morphology of the spermatozoon, and biology of of fertilization among invertebrates. Zoology of Bidr Uppsala, 31: 355-482.
Franzén, Å. (1970) Phylogenetic aspects of the morphology of spermatozoa and spermiogenesis. In: Comparative Spermatology. (ed. by Baccetti, B.) pp. 29-46. Academic Press, New York.
Franzén, Å. (1983) Ultrastructural studies of spermatozoa in three bivalve species with notes on evolution of elongated sperm nucleus in primitive spermatozoa. Gamete Research, 7: 199-214.
Gaulejac, de J., Jenry, M. and Vicente, N. (1995) An ultrastructural study of gametogenesis of the marine bivalve Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758). II. Spermatogenesis. Journal of Molluscan Study, 61: 393-403.
Healy, J.M. (1989) Spermiogenesis and spermatozoa in the relict bivalve genus Neotrigonia: relevance to trigonioid relationships, particularly Unionoidea. Marine Biology, 103: 75-85.
Healy, J.M. (1995) Sperm ultrastructure in in the marine bivalve families Carditidae and Crassatellidae and its bearing on unification of the Crasssatelloidea with the Carditoidea. Zoological Science, 24: 21-28.
Healy, J.M. and Lester, R.J.G. (1991) Sperm ultrastructure in the Australian oyster Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale and Roughley) (Bivalvia: Ostreidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 57: 219-224.
Hodgson, A.N. and Bernard, R.T.F. (1986) Ultrastructure of the sperm and spermatogenesis of three species of Mytilidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Gamete Research, 15: 123-135.
Jamieson, B.G.M. (1987) The ultrastructure and phylogeny of insect spermatozoa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Jamieson, B.G.M. (1991) Fish evolution and systematics: evidence from spermatozoa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 181-194.
Jamieson, B.G.M. (1991) Fish evolution and systematics: evidence from spermatozoa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp.181-194.
Jun, J.C., Kim, B.S., Chung, E.Y., Kim, J.H., Park, G.M. and Park, S.W. (2009) Spermatogenesis and ultrastructural characteristics of spermatozoa of brackish water diploid clam, Corbicula japonica (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae). Development and Reproduction, 13: 115-122.
Kang, T.G. and Zhang, C.I. (2000) A study on the growth and spawning of Korean scallop (Chlamys farreri) around Wando, Korea. Journal of the Korean Fisheries Society, 36: 210-221.
Kang, H.W., Chung, E.Y., Kim, J.H., Chung, J.S. and Lee, K.Y. (2012) Germ cell differemtiation during spermatogenesis and taxonomic values of marine sperm morphology of Atrina (Servatrina) pectinata (Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pinnidae). Development and Reproduction, 16: 19-29.
Kim, J.H. (2001) Spermatogenesis and comparative ultrastructure of spermatozoa in several species of Korean economic bivalves (13 families, 34 species). Ph.D. Thesis, Pukyung National University, 161 pp.
Kim, J.H., Chung, E.Y., Choi, K.H., Lee, K.Y. and Choi, M.S. (2010a) Ultrastructure of the testis and germ cell development during spermatogenesis in male Crassostrea gigas (Bivalvia: Ostreidae) in western Korea. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 26: 235-244.
Kim, J.H., Chung, E.Y., Choi, K.H., Park, K.H. and Park, S.W. (2010b) Ultrastructure of germcells during spermatogenesis and some characteristics of sperm morphology in male Mytilus coruscus (Bivalvia: Mitilidae) on the west coast of Korea. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 26: 33-43.
Kim, J.H., Chung, E.Y., Lee. K.Y., Choi, M.S., Seo, W.J, and Kim, S.H. (2010c) Spermatid differentiations during spermatogenesis and mature sperm ultrastructure in male Crassostrea nipponica (Seki, 1934, Pteriomorphia: Ostreidae). The Korean Journal of Malacology, 26: 311-316.
Komaru, A. and Konishi, K. (1996) Ultrastructure of biflagellate spermatozoa in the freshwater clam, Corbicula leana (Prime). Invertebrate Reproduction Division, 29: 193-197.
Komaru, A., Konishi, K., Nakayama, I., Kobayashi, T., Sakai, H. and Kawamaru, K. (1997) Hermaphroditic freshwater clams in the genus Corbicula produce non-reductional spermatozoa with somatic DNA content. Biological Bulletin, 193: 320-323.
Kuang, S., Sun, H., Li, F. and Fang, J. (1997) Feeding and growth of scallop Chlamys farreri before and after spawning. Marine Fisheries Research of China, 17: 80-86.
Kwon, O.K., Park, G.M. and Lee, J.S. (1993) Coloured shells of Korea. 285 pp. Academy Publishing Company, Seoul.
Lim, H.K., Go, C.S. and Lee, Y.H. (1995) Studies on the technology development for seed production of Chlamys farreri. Technical Report of South Sea Regional Fisheries Research Institute. pp. 355-360, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. Busan.
Lioa, C., Xu, Y. and Wang, Y. (1983) Reproductive cycle of the scallop Chlamys farreri (Jones and Preston) at Qingdao. Journal of Fisheries of China, 7: 1-13.
Min, D.K., Lee, J.S., Ko, D.B. and Je, J.G. (2004) Mollusks in Korea. Hanguel Graphics, Busan, Korea. 566pp.
Na, G.H., Jeong, W.G. and Cho, C.H. (1995) A study on seedling production of Jicon scallop, Chlamys farreri 1. Spawning, d evelopment and rearing of larvae. Journal of Aquaculture, 8: 307-316.
Park, K.Y. (2002) Reproductive ecology and seed production of Jicon scallop, Chlamys farreri. Ph.D. Thesis, Sooncheonhyang University, 116 pp.
Popham, J.D. (1974) Comparative morphometrics of the acrosomes of the sperms of externally and internally fertilizing sperms of the sperms of the shipworms (Teredinidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca). Cell Tissue Research, 150: 291-297.
Popham, J.D. (1979) Comparative spermatozoon morphology and bivalve phylogeny. Malacological Review, 12: 1-20.
Sun, H., Kuang, S. and Li, F. (1996) Studies on suitable cultures depths and method for scallop in Sanggou Bay. Journal of Fisheries Science of China, 3: 60-65.
Sun, J., Lin, C., Li, P., Jin, Y. and Zhou, L. (1997) The culture experiment of scallop Chlamys farreri in Nanji Islands. Zhejiang College of Fisheries, 16: 247-255.
Verdonk, N.H., Van Den Biggelaar, J.A.M. and Tompa, A.S. (1983) The Mollusca. Vol. 3. Development. pp. 48. Academic Press. New York.
Whang, H.J. and Kim, M.N. (1973) Study on the distribution and ecology of Chlamys farreri nipponensis Kuroda around the Taehuksan Island. Bulletin of National Fisheries Research and Development Agency, 11: 25-35.
Yakovlev, Y.M. and Afeichuk, L.S. (1995) The reproductive cycle of the scallop Chlamys farreri in the sea of Japan. Fisheries, Biology and Aquaculture of Pectinids, 8th International Pectinid Workshop, 17: 193-198.
Yang, A., Wang, Q., Kong, J., Liu, P., Liu, Z., Sun, H., Li, F., Wang, R. and Jiang, M. (1999a) Triploid induction in Chlamys farreri by application of 6-dimethyl amino- purine. Journal of Fisheries of China, 23: 241-247.
Yang, H., Zhang, T., Wang, J., Wang, P., He, Y. and Zhang, F. (1999b) Growth characteristics of Chlamys farreri and its relation with environmental factors in the intensive raft-culture areas of Sishiliwan Bay, Yantai, Journal of Shellfish Research, 18: 71-76.
Yoo, J.S. (1976) Korean shells in colour. pp. 48. Ilgisa Co., Seoul.
