open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 1225-3480
The bioaccumulation of 16 United Sates Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs in the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to sediments artificially contaminated by Iranian Heavy Crude Oil was measured and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) was estimated through laboratory experiments. The proportion of 16 PAHs accumulated in the tissue of R. philippinarum was only from 3 to 7% of total PAHs. Among 16 PAHs, the concentration of naphthalene was highest in the tissue. Alkylated PAHs were highly accumulated more than 93% of total PAHs. The C3 dibenzothiophene was most highly accumulated. The relative composition of alkylated naphthalenes in the tissue of R. philippinarum was lower than in the sediments. In contrast, those of alkylated compounds of fluorenes, phenanthrenes, dibenzothiophenes were higher in the tissue than the sediments. The BSAF for sum of 16 PAHs was 0.11 to 0.13 g carbon/g lipid and that for alkylated PAHs was 0.05 to 0.06 g carbon/g lipid. Naphthalene showed the highest BSAF value. Alkylated PAHs with the same parent compound, BSAF tended to increase with the number of alkylated branch increased, except for alkylated chrysenes. BSAF of total PAHs lies between that of field-based values, and are also similar to those of other persistent organic pollutants (PCBs, DDTs, HCHs). This study provides the BSAF values of individual alkylated PAHs accumulated in R. philippinarum for the first time and will be used as a basis for further understanding the bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in the marine benthic organisms.
ASTM (1994) Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests Starting with Embryos of Four Species of Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs. ASTM E724-94. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
Ankley, G.T., Cook, P.M. and Carlson, A.R. (1992)Bioaccumulation of PCBs from sediments by oligochaetes and fishes: Comparison of laboratory and field studies. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49: 2080-2085.
Baudrimont, M., Schäfer, J., Marie, V., Maury-Brachet, R., Bossy, C., Boudou, A. and Blanc, G. (2005)Geochemical survey and metal bioaccumulation of three bivalve species (Crassostrea gigas, Cerastoderma edule and Ruditapes philippinarum) in the Nord Médoc salt marshes (Gironde estuary, France). Science of the Total Environment, 337:265-280.
Boisson, F., Hart, M.G.J., Fowler, S.W. and Amiard-Triquet, C. (1998) Influence of chronic exposure to silver and mercury in the field on the bioaccumulation potential of the bivalve Macoma balthica. Marine Environmental Research, 45:325-340.
Cardoso, P.G., Lillebo, A.I., Pereira, E., Duarte, A.C. and Pardal, M.A. (2009) Different mercury bioaccumulation kinetics by two macrobenthic species: The bivalve Scrobicularia plana and the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. Marine Environmental Research, 68: 12-18.
Choi, J.Y., Yang, D.B., Hong, G.H. and Shin, K.H. (2014) Distribution and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides residues in sediments and Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) from along the Mid-Western coast of Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 85: 672-678.
Chung, E.Y., Ryou, D.K. and Lee, J.H. (1994) Gonadal development, age and growth of the shortnecked clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (Pelecypoda:Veneridae), on the coast of Kimje. The Korean Journal of Malacology, 19: 38-54.
Figueira, E., Cardoso, P. and Freitas, R. (2012)Ruditapes decussatus and Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to cadmium: Toxicological effects and bioaccumulation patterns. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, 156: 80-86.
Fukunaga, A., and Anderson, M.J. (2011)Bioaccumulation of copper, lead and zinc by the bivalves Macomona liliana and Austrovenus stutchburyi. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 396: 244-252.
Giani, M., Rampazzo, F., Berto, D., Maggi, C., Mao, A., Horvat, M., Emili, A. and Covelli, S. (2012)Bioaccumulation of mercury in reared and wild Ruditapes philippinarum of a Mediterranean lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 113: 116-125.
Hong, S., Khim, J.S., Ryu, J., Park, J., Song, S.J., Kwon, B.-O., Choi, K., Ji, K., Seo, J., Lee, S., Park, J., Lee, W., Choi, Y., Lee, K.T., Kim, C.-K., Shim, W.J., Naile, J.E. and Giesy, J.P. (2012) Two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill: Residual crude-derived hydrocarbons and potential AhR-mediated activities in coastal sediments. Environmental Science and Technology, 46:1406-1414.
Ji, K., Seo, J, Liu, X., Lee, J., Lee, S., Lee, W., Park, J., Khim, J.S., Hong, S., Choi, Y., Shim, W.J., Takeda, S, Giesy, J.P. and Choi, K. (2011) Genotoxicity and endocrine-disruption potentials of sediment near an oil spill site: Two years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Environmental Science Technology, 45:7481-7488.
Jung, J-H., Kim, M., Yim, U.H., Ha, S.Y., An, J.G., Won, J.H., Han, G.M., Kim, N.S., Addison, R.F. and Shim, W.J. (2011) Biomarker responses in pelagic and benthic fish over 1 year following the Hebei Spirit oil spill (Taean, Korea). Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62: 1859-1866.
Jung, J.H., Chae, Y.S., Kim, H.N., Kim, M., Yim, U.Y., Ha, S.Y., Han, G.M., An, J.G., Kim, E. and Shim, W.J. (2012) Spatial variability of biochemical responses in resident fish after the M/V Hebei Spirit oil spill (Taean, Korea). Ocean Science Journal, 47:209-214.
Kim, M., Yim, U.H., Hong, S.H., Jung, J.-H., Choi, H.-W., An, J., Won, J. and Shim, W.J. (2010) Hebei Spirit oil spill monitored on site by fluorometric detection of residual oil in coastal waters off Taean, Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 60: 383-389.
Kim, M, Hong, S.H., Won, J., Yim, U.H., Jung, J.-H., Ha, S.Y., An, J.G., Joo, C., Kim, E., Han, G.M., Baek, S., Choi, H.-W. and Shim, W.J. (2013)Petroleum hydrocarbon contaminations in the intertidal seawater after the Hebei Spirit oil spill -Effect of tidal cycle on the TPH concentrations and the chromatographic characterization of seawater extracts. Water Research, 47: 758-768.
Kwon, O.K., Park, G.M. and Lee, J.S. (1993) Coloured Shells of Korea. Academy Publishing Corporation, Seoul, 288 pp. [in Korean]
Lake, J., Hoffman, G.L. and Schimmel, S.C. (1985)Bioaccumulation of contaminants from Black Rock Harbor dredged material by mussels and polychaetes. Technical Report D-85-2, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
Lee, C.-H., Lee, J.-H., Sung, C.-G., Moon, S.-D., Kang, S.-K., Lee, J.-H., Yim, U.H., Shim, W.J. and Ha, S.Y. (2013a) Monitoring toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in intertidal sediments for five years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Taean, Republic of Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 76:241-249.
Lee, C.-H., Sung, C.-G., Kang, S.-K., Moon, S.-D., Lee, J.-H. and Lee, J.-H. (2013b) Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the toxicity of water-accommodated fraction and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction of Hebei Spirit crude oil to the embryonic development of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. Korean Journal of Malacology, 29(1): 23-32.
León, V.M., Moreno-González, R., González, E., Martínez, F., García, V. and Campillo, J.A. (2013) Interspecific comparison of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and persistent organochlorines bioaccumulation in bivalves from a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. Science of the Total Environment, 463-464: 975-987.
Liu, D., Pan, L., Li, Z., Cai, Y. and Miao, J. (2014)Metabolites analysis, metabolic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 107:251-259.
Maioli, O.L.G., Rodrigues, K.C., Knoppers, B.A. and Azevedo, D.A. (2010) Polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons in Mytella charruana, a bivalve mollusk from Mundaú Lagoon, Brazil. Microchemical Journal, 96: 172-179.
Meador, J.P., Stein, J.E., Reichert, W.L. and Varanasi, U. (1995a) Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine organisms. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 143:79-165.
Meador, J.P., Casillas, E., Sloan, C.A. and Varanasi, U. (1995b) Comparative bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sediment by two infaunal organisms. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 123: 107-124.
MOF, 2013. Oil Spill Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Restoration. Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries. 793 pp. [in Korean]
Otchere, F.A. (2005) Organochlorines (PCBs and pesticides) in the bivalves Anadara (Senilis) senilis, Crassostrea tulipa and Perna perna from the lagoons of Ghana. Science of the Total Environment, 348:102-114.
Roesijadi, G., Anderson, J.W. and Blaylock, J.W. (1978a)Uptake of hydrocarbons from marine sediments contaminated with Prudhoe Bay crude oil: influence of feeding type of test species and availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 35: 608-614.
Roesijadi, G., Woodruff, D.L. and Anderson, J.W. (1978b)Bioavailability of naphthalenes from marine sediments artificially contaminated with Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Environmental Pollution, 15: 223-229.
USEPA (1995) Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to West Coast Marine and Estuarine Organisms. EPA/600/R-95-136. 661 pp.
Wang, L., Pan, L., Liu, N., Liu, D., Xu, C. and Miao, J. (2011) Biomarkers and bioaccumulation of clam Ruditapes philippinarum in response to combined cadmium and benzo[a]pyrene exposure. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49: 3407-3417.
Wu, X., Jia, Y., Zhu, H. and Wang, H. (2010)Bioaccumulation of cadmium bound to humic acid by the bivalve Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus from solute and particulate pathways. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22(2): 198-203.
Yoo, J.S. (1976) Korean Shells in Colour. Ilgisa, Seoul. 70 pp. [in Korean].