이매패류의 성은 자웅이체와 자웅동체로 구분되며, 자웅이체는 동시자웅동체와 비동시자웅동체로 나누어진다. 비동시자웅동체는 계절에 따른 성의 전환을 의미한다. 일반적으로 자웅이체 이매패류의 경우 형태학적 성으로 표현되는 암, 수는 개체의 생활사 가운데 일정한 한 시기에 국한된 것이다. 개체의 성을 정확히 확인하기 위해서는 성을 표지한 후, 생활사 동안 성의 변화를 연속적으로 추적해야 한다. 이매패류에서 성전환과 비동시자웅동체는 굴과, 가리비과, 백합과 및 돌조개과 등의 이매패류에서 보고되고 있다. 이들 연구의 대부분은 동일 개체군에서 연령에 따른 성비의 변화를 증거로 이러한 결론에 도달하게 되었다. 비동시자웅동체 이매패류에서 성의 변화는 보통 방란, 방정 후 생식소의 비활성기에 일어난다. 이매패류에서 성결정과 성의 변화에는 유전적 요인과 환경적 요인 두 가지가 관여하지만, 이에 관한 이들의 영향에 관해서는 세부적인 연구가 필요하다.
The sex of bivalves is classified into gonochorism and hermaphroditism, and hermaphroditism is further divided into simultaneous (synchronous or functional), and sequential (asynchronous). The sequential hermaphroditism signifies sex reversal in accordance with seasons. In general, in the case of gonochoristic bivalves, manifestation of sex as male or female, after having identified the morphological sex, is limited to a period of the life cycle in any given individual. In order to accurately identify sex, continuous monitoring of changes in the sex during life cycle is necessary by tagging the sex. In the bivalves, sex reversal and sequential hermaphroditism has been reported in the Ostreidae, Pectinidae, Veneridae and Arcidae etc.. Most of these studies have reached this conclusion based on evidence derived from sex ratio change in accordance with the age within same populations. Sex change in the sequential hermaphroditic bivalves normally occurs when the gonad is undifferentiated between spawning seasons. Two factors are involved in sex determination and sex change in bivalves, namely genetic and environmental. However, more detailed research is needed on the effect of the genetic and environmental factors involved in sex determination and sex change of bivalves.
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