- E-ISSN2233-5382
- KCI
E-ISSN : 2233-5382
Exploring Factors on Identity of Korean Diaspora: Perspectives of Millennial Generation
CHO, Yooncheong
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the major factors affecting the development of national identity of the Millennial Korean diasporas in the CIS countries that have rarely been explored in previous studies. In particular, this study examines how perceived identities have changed due to social, cultural, and other environmental changes and suggests policy considerations accordingly. Research design, data, and methodology: This study collected data via online survey. Factor and regression analyses were applied for data analysis. Results: The findings of this study suggest a set of factors that is different from the factors generally known to affect the diasporic identities of diasporas. The results of this study provide policy implications to help them construct identities that could more positively define their diasporic lives and relationship with homeland. Conclusions: The factors of direct experiences, such as relationship with host societies and homeland experience, exhibited strong relationship with national identity and life satisfaction of the Millennial Korean diasporas in the CIS countries. The unique characteristics of the Millennials and the long history of separation from homeland showed different results. The results of this study suggest policy considerations in regard to the Millennial diasporas in the CIS countries.
- keywords
- Korean Diasporas, CIS countries, Identity, Millennials
Reference
Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London, UK: Verso.
Anderson, B. (1992). The New World Disorder. New Left Review, 193, 3-13.
Anderson, B. (1998). Long-Distance Nationalism. In B. Anderson (Eds.), The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia and the World (pp.58-74), London, UK: Verso.
Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Pendergast, D. (Eds.). (2010). Tourism and Generation Y. In P. Benckendorff, G. Moscardo, & D. Pendergast (Eds.), CAB International (pp.85-97), Cambridge, MA.
Budi, S. C., Hidayat, Z., Mani, L. (2021). The Effects of Experience and Brand Relationship to Brand Satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty Shopping Distribution of Consumer Philips Lighting Product in Indonesia. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(1), 115-124.
Cha, S., & Seo, B. (2019). The Effect of Brand Trust of Home Meal Replacement on Repurchasing in Online Shopping. Journal of Business Economics and Environmental Studies, 9(3), 21-26.
Chander, A. (2001). Diaspora Bonds. New York University Law Review, 76(4), 1005-1099.
Chang, I. Y. (2016). Overseas Koreans’ Return Visit and Transnational Identity Negotiation: A Case Study of the Korean National Sports Festival. Journal of Digital Convergence, 14(10), 473-481.
Choi, K. O. (2016). The Legal Traces of the Right of Overseas Koreans to Return Korea: Focused on Koreans in Sakhalin/China. The Journal of the Humanities for Unification, 66, 5-47.
Clifford, J. (1994). Diasporas. Cultural Anthropology, 9(3), 302-338.
Cohen, R. (2008). Global Diasporas: An Introduction. 2nd ed., New York, NY: Routledge.
Coupland, D. (1991). Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture. London: Macmillan.
Girsberger, E. M. (2017). Migration, Education and Work Opportunities. IZA Discussion Papers, No. 11028, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA), Bonn, Germany.
Gupta, A., & Ferguson, J. (1997). Culture, Power, Place:Explorations in Critical Anthropology. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Hall, S. (1990). Cultural Identity and Diaspora. In J. Rutherford (Eds.), Identity: Community, Culture, Difference (pp.222-237), London, UK: Lawrence & Wishart.
Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2000). Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
Huang, W., Haller, W. J., & Ramshaw, G. P. (2013). Diaspora Tourism and Homeland Attachment: An Exploratory Analysis. Tourism Analysis, 18(3), 285-296.
Hughes, H., & Allen, D. (2010). Holidays of the Irish Diaspora:The Pull of the ‘Homeland’? Current Issues in Tourism, 13(1), 1-19.
Huh, M. Y., Cho, J. A., Cho, H. B., Kwon, O. K., & Bae, K. C.(2012). Unification Education: For Koreans Abroad. Korean Institute for National Unification.
Huntley, R. (2006). The World According to Y: Inside the New Adult Generation. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Iorio, M., & Corsale, A. (2013). Diaspora and Tourism:Transylvanian Saxons Visiting the Homeland. Tourism Geographies, 15(2), 198-232.
Jung, B. J., & Nam, V. (2011). Migration and Identity of Koryoin. Kwanhun Journal, 120, 228-260.
Ketkar, S. L., & Ratha, D. (2010). Diaspora Bonds: Tapping the Diaspora during Difficult Times. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 1(2), 251-263.
Kim, J. (2016). Migration Process of Корё-сарам of Central Asia and their National Identity. Global Culture Review, 7(1), 1-29.
Lee, K., Ou, Chen, & Choi, C. (2021). Relationship Benefits, Alternative Attractiveness and Customer Loyalty: Implication for Service Distribution Channels. Journal of Distribution Science, 19(1), 5-15.
Lee, W. B. (2001). A Survey on Forced Migration of Koryoin in Central Asia. Journal of Asia-Pacific Studies, 8(1), 75-104.
Mannheim, K. (1952). The Problem of Generations. In Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge (pp.276-322), London, UK:Routledge.
Mavroudi, E. (2007). Diaspora as Process: (De)Constructing Boundaries. Geography Compass, 1(3), 467–479.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2019). Status of Overseas Koreans. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, www.mofa.go.kr.
Nguyen, H., Nguyen, L. T. B., Nguyen, H. N., Le, T. H., & Do, D.T. (2020). Critical Factors affecting Employers’ Satisfaction with Accounting Graduates in Hanoi. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 613-623.
Nguyen, N. H., Khoa, B. T. (2019). Customer Electronic Loyalty towards Online Business: The Role of Online Trust, Perceived Mental Benefits and Hedonic Value. Journal of Distribution Science, 17(12), 81-93.
Nurse, K. (2018). Migration, Diasporas and the Sustainable Development Goals in Least Developed Countries. CDP Background Paper, No. 48. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
Olga, Y., Potluri, R. M., Gulfiya, N., & Aizhan, S. (2020). Women’s Unpaid Work as a Factor of Gender Inequality: A Case of Kazakhstan. Journal of Business Economics and Environmental Studies, 10(2), 17-21.
Oxford English Dictionary (2020). https://www.lexico.com.
Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of Motivation, Leadership, and Organizational Culture on Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 577-588.
Para, E. A. (2008). The Role of Social Support in Identity Formation: A Literature Review. Graduate Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1(1), 1-9.
Paul, P. (2001). Getting Inside Gen Y. American Demographics, 23(9), 42-50.
Phuong, N. N. D., Khuong, M. N., Phuc, L. H., & Dong, L. N. T.(2018). The Effect of Two-Dimensional Factor on Municipal Civil Servants’ Job Satisfaction and Public Policy Implications. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(3), 133-142.
Possamai, A. (2009). Sociology of Religion for Generations X and Y. London, UK: Routledge.
Reis, M. (2004). Theorizing Diaspora: Perspectives on “Classical”and “Contemporary” Diaspora. International Migration, 42(2), 41-60.
Safran, W. (1991). Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 1(1), 83-99.
Safran, W. (2004). Deconstructing and Comparing Diasporas. In C. Alfonso, W. Kokot, & K. Tölölyan (Eds.), Diaspora, Identity and Religion: New Directions in Theory and Research (pp.9-29), London, UK: Routledge.
Shim, H. Y., & Kim, S. C. (2007). History of Forced Migration of Koryoin. Proceeding of the Learned Society of Korean Modern Literature (pp.24-32). Seoul, Korea.
Shin, C., Hwang, G., Lee, H., & Cho, S. (2015). The Impact of Korean Franchise Coffee Shop Service Quality and Atmosphere on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty. The Journal of Business Economics and Environmental Studies, 5(4), 47-57.
Smolicz, J. J. (1980). Language as a Core Value of Culture. RELC Journal, 11(1), 1-13.
Sökefeld, M. (2006). Mobilizing in Transnational Space: A Social Movement Approach to the Formation of Diaspora. Global Networks, 6(3), 265-284.
Sung, D. (2012). The Identical Problem of Uzbek-Korean Independence Generation and the Consideration of the Countermeasure: According to Educational Plan for Establishment of National Identity and Ethnic Identity. The Korean History Education Review, 121, 191-219.
Tölölyan, K. (1991). The Nation-State and Its Others: In Lieu of a Preface. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 1(1), 3-7.
Tölölyan, K. (1996). Rethinking Diaspora(s): Stateless Power in the Transnational Moment. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 5(1), 3-36.
Tsolidis, G. (2011) Memories of Home: Family in the Diaspora. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 42(3), 411-420.
United Nations (2019). Total International Migrant Stock. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, https://www.un.org
Vertovec, S. (1997). Three Meanings of “Diaspora,” Exemplified among South Asian Religions. Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies, 6(3), 277-299.
Waterman, A. S. (1993). Developmental Perspectives on Identity Formation: From Adolescence to Adulthood. In J. E. Marcia, A. S. Waterman, D. R. Matteson, S. L. Archer, & J. L. Orlofsky (Eds.), Ego Identity: Handbook for Psychosocial Research (pp.42-68), New York, NY: Springer.
Weedon, C. (2004). Identity and Culture: Narratives of Difference and Belonging: Narratives of Difference and Belonging. Bershire, UK: Open University Press, McGraw-Hill Education.
Wolburg, J., & Pokrywczynski, J. (2001). A Psychographic Analysis of Generation Y College Students. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(5), 33-52.
Wyn, J., & Woodman, D. (2006). Generation, Youth and Social Change in Australia. Journal of Youth Studies, 9(5), 495-514.
Yoon, I. J. (2003). The Korean Diaspora: Migration, Adaptation, and Identity of Overseas Koreans. Korean Journal of Sociology, 37(4), 101-142.
Yoon, I. J. (2012). Migration and the Korean Diaspora: A Comparative Description of Five Cases. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 38(3), 413-435.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations