바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

  • E-ISSN2233-5382
  • KCI

The Role of Dealers’Non-Mediated Power in Fostering SME Manufacturers’ Cooperation: SME Manufacturers’ Perspective

The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business / The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, (E)2233-5382
2012, v.3 no.2, pp.5-16
Richard Chinomona (Department of Logistics,Vaal University of Technology)

Abstract

Purpose - Distribution channels cannot function without cooperation. While evidence suggests channel power plays a fundamental role in fostering successful manufacturer-dealer channel cooperation in Western countries distribution systems, little is known empirically as to how dealers’possession of non-mediated powers influence SME manufacturers’ cooperation in Asian developing countries. Research design, data, methodology - Drawing upon the extant distribution channels literatures; this study conceptualizes a model and examines the effects of dealer’s non-mediated powers on manufacturing SME firms, as well as the mediating influence of trust, relationship satisfaction and commitment. A survey of 400 manufacturing SMEs in Taiwan empirically supports the proposed hypothesis. Results - The model is acceptable in terms of overall goodness of fit. Acceptable model fit are indicated by χ2/(df): 2.35, GFI≧.90; RMSEA values≦ .08; IFI, TLI and CFI values≧.90. Our results indicate that, GFI (0.910), IFI (0.937), TLI (0.903), CFI (0.936), and RMSEA (0.079) and therefore, achieved the suggested thresholds. Conclusions - The results of this study have some managerial implications for managers in the dealer’s firms. The overall implication from the findings is that managers can utilize expert, referent and traditional legitimate powers to attain channel cooperation with manufacturing SMEs in addition to garnering their trust, relationship satisfaction and commitment.

keywords
Non-mediated Power, Trust, Relationship Satisfaction, Relationship Commitment, Cooperation.

Reference

1.

Abdul-Muhmin, A. G. (2005), "Instrumental and interpersonal determinants of relationship satisfaction and commitment in industrial markets", Journal of Business Research, 58 (5), 619-628.

2.

Ambler, T., Styles, C. & Wang, X. (1999), "The effect of channel relationships and guanxi on the performance of inter-province export ventures in the People's Republic of China", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 16 (1), 75– 87.

3.

Anderson, J. C. & Gerbing, D. W. (1988), "Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach", Psychological Bulletin, 103 (3), 411−423.

4.

Anderson, E. & Weitz, B. (1992), "The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels", Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (1), 18–34.

5.

Anderson, E., Lodish, L.M. & Weitz, B.A. (1987), "Resource allocation behavior in conventional channels", Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (2), 85–97.

6.

Barbuto, J. E., Jr. (2000), "Influence triggers: A framework for understanding follower compliance", Leadership Quarterly, 11 (3), 365-387.

7.

Barney, J. B. & Hansen, M. H. (1994), "Trustworthiness as a source of competitive advantage", Strategic Management Journal, 15 (1), 175– 191.

8.

Barone, M. J., Manning, K. C. & Miniard, P. W. (2004), "Consumer response to retailers' use of partially comparative pricing", Journal of Marketing, 68 (3), 37−47.

9.

Beatson, A., Coote, L. V. & Rudd, J. M. (2006), "Determining consumer satisfaction and commitment through self-service technology and personal service usage", Journal of Marketing Management, 22 (7), 853−882.

10.

Benjamin, B. A. & Podolny, J. M. (1999), ‘Status, quality, and social order in the California wine industry", Administrative Science Quarterly, 44 (3), 563−589.

11.

Benton, W. C. & Maloni, M. (2005), "The influence of power driven buyer/seller relationships on supply chain satisfaction", Journal of Operations Management, 23 (1), 1-22.

12.

Bhattacharya, C. B. & Sen, S. (2003), "Consumer–company identification: A framework for understanding consumers' relationships with companies", Journal of Marketing, 67 (2), 76−88.

13.

Boyle, B. F., Dwyer, R., Robicheaux, R. A. & Simpson, J. T. (1992), "Influence Strategies in Marketing Channels: Measures and Use in Different Relationship Structures", Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (1), 462-473.

14.

Brown, J. R., Lusch, R. F. & Nicholson, C. Y. (1995), ‘ Power and relationship commitment: Their impact on marketing channel member performance", Journal of Retailing, 71 (4), 363-392.

15.

Brown, J. R., Lusch, R. F. & Smith, L. P. (1991), " Conflict and satisfaction in an industrial channel of distribution", Int J Phys Distrib Logist Manag, 21 (6), 15–26.

16.

Browne, M.W. & Cudeck, R. (1993), "Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In Testing Structural Equation Models, ed", KA Bollen, JS Long, pp. 136–61. Newbury Park, CA: Sage

17.

Busch, P. & Wilson, D.T. (1976), "An experimental analysis of a salesman's expert and referent bases of social power in the buyer-seller dyad", Journal of Marketing Research, 13 (1), 3-11.

18.

Busch, P. (1980), "The Sales Manager's Bases of Social Power and Influence Upon the Sales Force", Journal of Marketing, 44 (2), 91-101.

19.

Campbell, M. C. (1999), "Perceptions of price unfairness: antecedents and consequences", Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (2), 187−199.

20.

Cannon, J. P., Achrol, R. S. & Gundlach, G. T. (2000), " Contracts, norms, and plural form governance", J Acad Mark Sci, 28 (2), 180–194.

21.

Cannon, J. P. & Perreault, W. D.(1999), " Buyer-supplier relationships in business markets", Journal of Marketing Research, 31 (4), 439-460.

22.

Cater, B. and Zabkar, V. (2009), " Antecedents and consequences of commitment in marketing research services: The client's perspective", Industrial Marketing Management, 38 (7), 785–797.

23.

Coote, L., Forrest, E. J. & Tam, T. W. (2003), " An investigation into commitment in non-Western industrial marketing relationships", Industrial Marketing Management, 32 (7), 595–604.

24.

Coulter, K. & Coulter, R. (2002), "Determinant of trust in service provider: the moderating role of length of relationship", Journal of Service Marketing, 16 (1), 35-50.

25.

Crosby, L. A., Evans, K. R. & Cowles, D. (1990), "Relationship quality in services selling: An interpersonal influence perspective", Journal of Marketing, 54 (3), 68-81.

26.

Dapiran, G. P. & Scott, H. S. (2003), "Are co-operation and trust being confused with power? An analysis of food, retailing in Australia and the UK", International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 31 (5), 256-267.

27.

Das, T. K. & Teng, B. S. (2001), "Trust, control, and risk in strategic alliances: an integrated framework", Organization Studies, 22 (2), 251-83.

28.

De Ruyter, K., Moorman, L. & Lemmink, J. (2001), "Antecedents of commitment and trust in customer–supplier relationships in high technology markets", Industrial Marketing Management, 30 (3), 271−286.

29.

Doney, P. M. & Cannon, J. P. (1997), "An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller relationships", Journal of Marketing, 61 (2), 35−52.

30.

Duarte, M. & Davies, G. (2003), "Testing the conflict-performance assumption in businessto-business relationships", Industrial Marketing Management, 32 (2), 91−100.

31.

Dwyer, R., Schurr, P. H. & Oh, S. (1987), " Developing buyer–seller relationships", Journal of Marketing, 51 (2), 11–27.

32.

Dwyer, F. R. & Gassenheimer, J. B. (1992), " Relational roles and triangle dramas: effects on power play and sentiments in industrial channels", Marketing Letters, 3 (2), 187–200.

33.

Dyer, J. H. & Chu, W. (2003), "The role of trustworthiness in reducing transaction costs and improving performance: Empirical evidence from the United States Japan, and Korea", Organization Science, 14 (1), 57–68.

34.

Etgar, M. (1978), "Selection of an effective channel control mix", Journal of Marketing, 42 (3), 53– 78.

35.

Fombrun, C. J. (1996), Reputation: realizing value from the corporate image, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

36.

Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. (1981), " Structural equation models with unobservable svariables and measurement error", Journal of Marketing Research, 18 (1), 39-50.

37.

Frazier, G. L. & Summers, J. (1984), " Inter-firm influence strategies and their application within distribution channels", Journal of Marketing, 48 (3), 43−55.

38.

Frazier, G. L. & Summers, J. (1986, May), " Perceptions of interfirm power and its use within distribution channels", Journal of Marketing Research, 23 (2), 169−179.

39.

Frazier, G. L. & Rody, R. C. (1991), ‘The use of influence strategies in the inter-firm relationships in industrial product channels", Journal of Marketing, 55 (1), 52−69.

40.

Frazier, G. L. (1999), "Organizing and Managing Channels for Distribution", Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 27 (2), 226-240.

41.

Garbarino, E. & Johnson, M. S. (1999), "The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships", Journal of Marketing, 63 (2), 70−87.

42.

Ganesan, S. (1994), "Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer- Seller relationships", Journal of Marketing, 58 (2), 1-19.

43.

Gassenheimer, J. B. & Ramsey, R. (1994), "The impact of dependence on dealer satisfaction: A comparison of reseller–supplier relationships", Journal of Retailing, 70(3), 253–266.

44.

Geyskens, I. & Steenkamp, J. B. E. M. (2000), "Economic and social satisfaction: measurement and relevance to marketing channel relationships", Journal of Retailing, 76 (1), 11-32.

45.

Geyskens, I., Steenkamp, J. E. M., Scheer, L. K. & Kumar,N. (1996), "The effects of trust and interdependence on relationship commitment: A trans-Atlantic study", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13 (4), 303−317.

46.

Geyskens, I., Steenkamp, J. B. & Kumar, N. (1999), "A meta-analysis of satisfaction in marketing channel relationships", Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (2), 223-238.

47.

Goodman, L. E. & Dion, P. A. (2001), "The determinants of commitment in the distributor–manufacturer relationship", Industrial Marketing Management, 30 (3), 287−300.

48.

Gounaris, S. P. (2005), "Trust and commitment influences on customer retention: Insights from business-to-business services", Journal of Business Research, 58 (2), 126−140.

49.

Gundlach, G., Achrol, R. & Mentzer, J. (1995), "The structure of commitment in exchange", Journal of Marketing, 59 (1), 78 −92.

50.

Gundlach, G. T. & Murphy, P. (1993), " Ethical and legal foundations of relational marketing exchanges", Journal of Marketing, 57 (4), 35−46.

51.

Gruen, T. W., Summers, J. O. &Acito, F. (2000), "Relationship marketing activities, commitment, and membership behaviors in professional associations", Journal of Marketing, 64 (3), 34– 49.

52.

Han, S-L., Wilson, D. T. & Dant, S. (1993), " Buyer–seller relationships today", Industrial Marketing Management, 22 (4), 331– 338.

53.

Hall, R. (1993), "A framework linking intangible resources and capabilities to sustainable competitive advantage", Strategic Management Journal, 14 (8), 607−618.

54.

Hart, P. & Saunders, C. (1997), "Power and trust: critical factors in the adoption and use of electronic data interchange", Organization Science, 8 (1), 23–42.

55.

Hausman, A. & Stock, J. R. (2003), "Adoption and implementation of technological innovations within long-term relationships", Journal of Business Research, 56 (8), 681-686.

56.

Heide, J. & John, G. (1992), "Do norms matter in marketing relationships?", Journal of Marketing, 52 (2), 20−35.

57.

Heskett, J. L. (1972), " Interorganization problem solving in a channel of distribution", In M. Tuite, R. Chisholm and M. Radnor (eds), Interorganizational Decision Making, Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co.

58.

Hingley, M. K. (2005), "Power to all our friends? Living with imbalance in supplier–retailer relationships", Industrial Marketing Management, 34 (2005), 848 – 858

59.

Houghton, K. A. & Winklhofer, H. (2004), "The effect of website and e-commerce adoption on the relationship between SMEs and their export intermediaries", International Small Business Journal, 22 (4), 369-388.

60.

Hulland, J. (1999), "Use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) in Strategic Management Research: A Review of Four Recent Studies", Strategic Management Journal, 20 (2), 195-204.

61.

Hunt, K. A., Mentzer, J. T. & Danes, J. E. (1987), "The effect of power sources on compliance in a channel of distribution: a causal model", Journal of Business Research, 15 (5), 377.

62.

Hunt, S. D., Ray, N.&Wood, R. (1985), "Behavioral dimensions of channels of distribution: Review and synthesis", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 13 (3), 1-24.

63.

Hunt, S. & Nevin, J. (1974), "Power in a channel of distribution: Sources and Consequences", Journal of Marketing Research, 11 (2), 186−193.

64.

Hu, T. & Sheu, J. (2005), "Relationships of channel power, noncoercive influence strategies, climate, and solidarity: A real case study of the Taiwanese PDA industry", Industrial Marketing Management, 34 (5), 447−461.

65.

Jap, S. D. & Ganesan, S. (2000), "Control mechanisms and the relationship life cycle: Implications for safeguarding specific investments and developing commitment", Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (2), 227−245.

66.

Johnson, J. L., Sakano, T., Cote, J. A. & Onzo, N. (1993), "The Exercise of Interfirm Power and Its Repercussions in U.S.-Japanese Channel Relationships", Journal of Marketing, 57 (2), 1–10

67.

Jonsson, P. & Zineldin, M. (2003), "Achieving high satisfaction in supplier-dealer working relationships", Supply Chain Management, 8 (3), 224−240.

68.

Kabadayi, S. & Ryu, S. (2007), "The protection of the trust or through the use of control mechanisms and its performance implications", Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 22 (4), 260-271.

69.

Kasulis, J. J. & Spekman, R. E. (1980), "A Framework for the Use of Power", European Journal ofMarketing, 14 (4), 180-191.

70.

Ke., W., Liu., H., Wei, K. K., Gu, J. & Chen, H. (2009), "How do mediated and non-mediated powers affect electronic supply chain management system adoption? The mediating effects of trust and institutional pressures", Decision Support Systems, 46 (4), 839-851.

71.

Keh .H. T. & Xie. Y. (2009), "Corporate reputation and customer behavioral intentions: The roles of trust, identification and commitment", Industrial Marketing Management, 38 (7), 732–742

72.

Ke, W. & Wei, K. K. (2008), "Trust and power influences in supply chain collaboration", in: C.S. Tang, C.P. Teo, K.K. Wei (Eds.), Supply Chain Analysis: A Handbook on the Interaction of Information System and Optimization, New York: Springer, 223–239

73.

Kennedy, M. S., Ferrell, L. & LeClair, D. T. (2001), "Consumers' trust of salesperson and manufacturer: an empirical study", Journal of Business Research, 51 (1), 73−86.

74.

Ketilson, L. H. (1991), "An examination of the use of legitimate power in marketing Channels", The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 1 (5), 527 - 548

75.

Kingshott, R. P. J. (2006), "The impact of psychological contracts upon trust and commitment within supplier–buyer relationships: A social exchange view", Industrial Marketing Management, 35, 724−739

76.

Kumar, N. & Scheer, L. K. (1995), "The effects of perceived interdependence on dealer attitudes", Journal of Marketing Research, 32 (3), 348-356.

77.

Lai, K., Bao, Y. & Li, X. (2008), ‘ Channel relationship and business uncertainty: Evidence from the Hong Kong market", Industrial Marketing Management, 37 (6), 713–724

78.

Lai, C. (2007), "The effects of influence strategies on dealer satisfaction and performance in Taiwan's motor industry", Industrial Marketing Management , 36 (4), 518–527

79.

Lee, D. Y. (2001), "Power, conflict, and satisfaction in IJV supplier- Chinese distributor channels", Journal of Business Research, 52 (2), 149-160.

80.

Lee, K. O. M. & Turban, E. (2001), "A trust model of Internet shopping", International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 6 (1), 75-91.

81.

Leonidou, L. C. (2005), "Industrial buyers’ influence strategies: buying situation differences", Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 20 (1), 33–42

82.

Leonidou, C. N., Leonidas, C. L. & Talias, M. A. (2008), "Exercised power as a driver of trust and commitment in cross-border industrial buyer–seller relationships", Industrial Marketing Management, 37 (1), 92-103.

83.

Levin, D. Z. & Cross, R. (2004), "The strength of weak ties you can trust: the mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer", Management Science, 50 (11), 1477–1490.

84.

Lusch, R. F. (1976), "Channel conflict: Its impact on retailer operating performance", Journal of Retailing, 52 (2), 3−12.

85.

Maloni, M. & Benton, W. C. (2000), ‘Power influences in the supply chain", Journal of Business Logistics, 21 (1), 49-73.

86.

Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R. & Hau, K.T. (1996), "An evaluation of Incremental Fit Indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical properties'', in G.A. Marcoulides and R.E. Schumacker (eds.), Advanced Structural Equation Modeling, Issues and Techniques (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, Mahwah, NJ), pp. 315–353.

87.

Mehta, R., Polsa, P., Mazur, J., Fan, X. & Dubinsky, A. J. (2006), "Strategic alliances in international distribution channels", Journal of Business Research, 59 (10/11), 1094–1104.

88.

Michie, D. A. & Sibley, S. D. (1985), "Channel member satisfaction: controversy resolved", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 13 (2), 188–205

89.

Morgan, R. M. & Hunt, S. D. (1994), "The commitment–trust theory of relationship marketing", Journal of Marketing, 58 (5), 20-38.

90.

Mohr, J. & Nevin, J. R. (1990), "Communication strategies in marketing channels: A theoretical perspective", Journal of Marketing, 54 (4), 36−51.

91.

Mohr, J. & Spekman, R. (1994), "Characteristics of partnership success: Partnership attributes, communication behaviour, and conflict resolution techniques", Strategic Management Journal, 15 (2), 135– 152.

92.

Mohr, J., Fischer, R. J. & Nevin, J. R. (1996), "Collaborative communication in inter firm relationship: Moderating effects of integration and control", Journal of Marketing, 60 (3), 103– 115

93.

Moorman, C., Zaltman, G. & Deshpande, R. (1992), "Relationships between providers and users of market research: The dynamics of trust within and between organizations", Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (3), 314–328.

94.

Nunnally, J. & Bernstein, I. (1994). Psychometric Theory, 3rd ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.

95.

Powers. T. L. & Reagan. W. R. (2007), "Factors influencing successful buyer–seller relationships", Journal of Business Research, 60 (12), 1234–1242.

96.

Ramaseshan, B., Yip, L. S. C. & Pae, J. H. (2006), "Power, satisfaction, and. relationship commitment in Chinese store–tenant relationship and their impact on performance", Journal of Retailing, 82 (1), 63-70.

97.

Rawwas, M. Y. A., Vitell, S. J. & Bernes, J. H. (1997), "Management of conflict using individual power sources: A retailers' perspective", Journal of Business Research, 40 (1), 9 −64.

98.

Rindova, V. P., Williamson, I. O., Petkova, A. P. & Sever, J. M. (2005), "Being good or being known: an empirical examination of the dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of organizational reputation", Academy of Management Journal, 48 (6), 1033−1049.

99.

Rodrı´guez, I. R. B., Agudo1, J. C. & Gutie´rrez, H. S. M. (2006), " Determinants of economic and social satisfaction in manufacturer– distributor relationships", Industrial Marketing Management, 35 (6), 666 – 675

100.

Russell-Bennett, R., McColl-Kennedy, J. R. & Coote, L.V. (2007), "Involvement, satisfaction, and brand loyalty in a small business- setting", Journal of Business Research, 60 (12), 1253-1260.

101.

Ruyter, K., Moorman, L. & Lemmink, J. (2001), "Antecedents of commitment and trust in customer-supplier relationships in high technology markets", Industrial Marketing Management, 30 (3), 271−286.

102.

Sharma, N. & Patterson, P. G. (2000), "Switching costs, alternative attractiveness and experience as moderators of relationship commitment in professional, consumer services", International Journal of Service Industry and Management, 11 (5), 470.

103.

Skinner, S. J., Gassenheimer, J. B. & Scott W. K. (1992), "Cooperation in Supplier-Dealer Relations", Journal of Retailing, 68 (2), 174–193.

104.

Skinner, S. J. & Guiltinan, J. P. (1985), "Perceptions of channel control", Journal of Retailing, 61 (4), 65−88.

105.

Sepp¨anen, R., Blomqvist, K., & Sundqvist, S. (2007), "Measuring inter- organizational trust: A critical review of the empirical researchin 1990–2003", Industrial Marketing Management, 36 (2), 249–265.

106.

Schurr, P. H. &Ozanne, J. L. (1985), "Influences on Exchange Processes: Buyer's Perceptions of a Seller's Trustworthiness and Bargaining Toughness", Journal of Consumer Research, 11 (4), 939-953.

107.

Sahadev, S. (2005), "Exploring the role of expert power in channel management: An empirical study", Industrial Marketing Management, 34 (5), 487-494.

108.

Scheer, L. K. & Stern, L. W. (1992), "The effect of influence type and performance outcomes on attitude toward the influencer", Journal of Marketing Research, 29 (1), 128-142.

109.

Smith, J. B. & Barclay, W. B. (1997), "The effects of organizational differences and trust on the effectiveness of selling partner relationships", Journal of Marketing, 61 (1), 3–21.

110.

Tellefsen, T. (2002), "Commitment in business-to-business relationships: The role of organizational and personal needs", Industrial Marketing Management, 31 (8), 645−652.

111.

Wang, C. L., Siu, N. Y.M. & Barnes, B. R. (2008), "The significance of trust and renqing in the long-term orientation of Chinese business-to-business relationships", Industrial Marketing Management, 37 (7), 819–824.

112.

Weitz, B. A. & Jap, S. D. (1995), ‘Relationship marketing and distribution channels", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23 (4), 305−320.

113.

Wilkinson, I. (1996), "Distribution channel management: power considerations". International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 26 (5), 31-41.

114.

Yavas, U. (1998), "The bases of power in international channels", International Marketing Review, 15 (2), 140-150.

115.

Yu, J. P. & Pysarchik, D. T. (2002), "Economic and non-economic factors of Korean manufacturer-retailer relations", International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research, 12 (3), 297-318.

116.

Yukl, G., Kim, H., and Falbe, C. M. (1996), "Consequences of influence tactics used with subordinates, peers, and the boss", Journal of Applied Psychology, 77 (4), 525-535.

117.

Yun, J. & Jeong, E. (2012), "A Study on Small Business Development and Support Policies", Journal of Distribution Science, 10 (1), 23-31

118.

Zhao, X. D., Huo, B. F., Flynn, B. B & Yeung, J. H. Y. (2008), "The impact of power and relationship commitment on the integration between manufacturers and customers in a supply chain", Journal of Operations Management, 26 (3), 368-388.

The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business