The purpose of this study is to provide background information for the improvement of e-Book service task in academic libraries through the task analysis of e-Book service librarians. The semi-structured interviews with 9 participants were analyzed using Activity Theory. The study results showed that participants have used various tools and interacted with diverse people to attain the goals of e-Book services. In addition, the division of labor and rules related to e-Book services were observable. However, there exist some problems in task performance, such as lack of budget, inconvenience of use due to unstandardized e-Book production, and disagreements of opinions. Furthermore, based on participants’ responses, the ways of improvement of e-Book services in academic libraries were suggested in the aspects of content, system, and policy.