ISSN : 1225-3480
나프탈렌이 바지락 (각장 32.74 ± 2.18 mm, 전중 8.29 ±1.41 g) 의 생존, 성비 및 생식소발달에 미치는 영향에 대해연구하였다. 노출농도는 대조구, solvent 대조구 (에탄올), 30,60, 90, 120 μg Nap L-1 였으며, 노출기간은 20주였다. 노출 종료 후 바지락의 생존율은 60 μg Nap L-1 이상의 농도에서 감소하였다. 성비는 대조구와 비교해 solvent 대조구 (에탄올)와 30 μg Nap L-1 실험구는 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 60 μg Nap L-1 실험구의 경우 수컷의 비율이 높았다. 그 후 농도가 높아질수록 수컷의 비율이 감소하였다. 생식소 발달단계는 암컷의 경우 60 μg Nap L-1 이상의 농도에서,수컷의 경우 30 μg Nap L-1 이상의 농도에서 발달이 지연되는 결과를 보였다. 생식소에서 관찰된 intersex는 암컷에서16.28%, 수컷에서 1.68%를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과들을 볼 때나프탈렌은 바지락의 생존 뿐 만 아니라 성비와 생식에 영향을주는 것으로 보인다
Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (SL; 32.74 ± 2.18 mm, TW; 8.29 ± 1.41 g, N; 450) were exposed to various concentrations of naphthalene for 20 weeks. Exposure concentrations of naphthalene established control, solvent control (ethanol), 30, 60, 90 and 120 μg Nap L-1 following results of 96h acute exposure. After exposure during 20 weeks, survival rate of the manila clam was lowed in 60, 90 and 120 μg Nap L-1 exposure group compared control group. Also, sex ratio of male was higher in 60 μg Nap L-1 exposure group (χ2 = 5.492, P < 0.05) but lowed 90 μg Nap L-1 exposure group (χ2 = 4.214, P < 0.05) and 120 μg Nap L-1 exposure group (χ2 = 30.118, P < 0.05). Gonad development was delayed in female (> 60 μg Nap L-1) and male (> 30 μg Nap L-1). Intersex was 16.28% in female, 1.68% in male. In this result, naphthalene caused survival decrease, imbalance of sex ratio, delay of gonad development of the manila clam. Also, chronic exposure to naphthalene suggested abnormal effects in reproduction of the manila clam.
Aarab, N., Minier, C., Lemaire, S., Unruh, E., Hansen, P.D., Larsen, B.K., Andersen, O.K. and Narbonne, J.F. (2004) Biochemical and histological responses in mussel, Mytilus edulis exposed to North Sea oil and to a mixture of North Sea oil and alkylphenols. Marine Environmental Research, 58: 437-441.
Bingham, E. and Falk, H.L. (1969) The modifying effect of carcinogens on the threshold response. Archives of Environmental Health, 19: 779-783.
Brown, E.D., Baker, T.T., Hose, J.E., Kocan, R.M., Marty, G.D., McGurk, M.D., Norcross, B.L. and Short, J.W. (1996) Injury to the early fife history stages of Pacific herring in Prince William Sound after the Exxon Valdez oil spill. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 18: 448-462.
Byrne, P.A. and O'Halloran, J. (2004) The impact of ballast water effluent on the manila clam, Tapes semidecussatus. Ecotoxicology, 13: 311-322.
Caldwell, R.S., Caldarone, E.M. and Mallon, M.H. (1997) Effects of a seawater-soluble fraction of Cook Inlet crude oil and its major aromatic components on larval stages of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister Dana. In: Wolfe, D.A. (ed.) Fate and effects of petroleum hydrocarvons in marine ecosystems and organisms. Pergamon Press, NY. pp. 210-220.
Carls, M., Rice, S. and Hose, J. (1999) Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil: I. Low-level exposure during incubation causes malformations, genetic demage, and mortality in larval Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 18: 481-493.
Chesman, B.S. and Langston, W.J. (2006) Intersex in the clam, Scrobicularia plana: a sign of endocrine disruption in estuaries? Biology Letters, 2: 420-422.
Clark, R.C. and Finley, J.S. (1977) Effects of oil spills in Arctic and Subarctic environments. Chapter 9 In: Malins, D.C. (ed.) Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Organism. Vol II. biological Effects. New York: Academic Press, Inc., pp. 411-476.
Cooley, J.F. (1977) Oil inhibits reproduction in tests on mussels. Maritimes, 21(4): 12-14.
Drury, R.A.B. and Wallington, E.A. (1980) Carleton's Histological Technique. 520 pp. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Gagne, F., Blaise, C., Pellerin, J., Pelletier, E. and Strane, J. (2005) Health status of Mya arenaria bivalves collected from contaminated sites in Canada and Denmark during their reproductive period. Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety, 64: 348-361.
Hamdoun, A.M., Griffin, F.J. and Cherr, G.N. (2002) Tolerance to biodegraded crude oil in marine invertebrate embryos and larvae is associated with expression of a multixenobiotic resistance transporter. Aquatic Toxicology, 61: 127-140.
Korn, S., Moles, D.A. and Rice, S.D. (1979) Effects of temperature on the median tolerance limit of pink salmon and shrimp exposed to tolunce, naphthalene and Cook Inlet crude oil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 21: 521-525.
Lee, J.S., Ju, S.M., Park, J.S., Jin, Y.G., Shin, Y.K. and Park, J.J. (2010) Germ cell aspiration (GCA) method as a non-fatal technique for sex identification in two bivalves. Devlopment and Reproduction, 1: 7-11.
Lee, K.S. and Ryu, H.M. (2011) The acute toxicity of naphthalene on hematologic properties in juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment and Safety, 17: 191-196.
LeGore, R.S. (1974) The effect of Alaskan crude oil and selected hydrocarbon compounds on embryonic development of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Ph. D. Thesis, Universe of Washington.
Matozzo, V. and Marine, M.G. (2005) Can 4-nonylphenol induce vitellogenin-like proteins in the clam, Tapes philipinarum?. Environmental Research, 97: 43-49.
Moles, A. and Rice, S.D. (1983) Effects of crude oil and naphthalene on growth, caloric content and fatcontent of pink salmon juveniles in seawater. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112: 205-211.
Morcillo, Y. and Porte, C. (2000) Evidence of endocrine disruption in clams, Ruditapes decussata transplanted to a tributylein polluted environment. Environmental Pollution, 107: 47-52.
Ortiz-Zarragoitia, M. and Cajaraville, M.P. (2010) Intersex and oocyte atresia in a mussel population from the Biosphere's Reserve of Urdaibai (Bay of Biscay). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 73: 693-701.
Polino, C.A., Georgiades, E. and Hldway, D.A. (2009) Physiological changes in reproductively activerainbow fish, Melanotaenia fluviatilis following exposure to naphthalene. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72: 1265-1270.
Sanborn, H.R. (1977) Effects petroleum on ecosystems. Chapter 6 In: Malins, D.C. (ed.) Effects of Petroleum on Arctic and Subarctic Marine Organisms. Vol II. biological Effects. New York: Academic Press, Inc. pp. 337-352.
Stekoll, M.S., Deysher, L., Highsmith, R.C., Saupe, S.M., Guo, Z., Erickson, W.P., McDonald, L. and Strickland, D. (1996) Coastal habitat injury assessment: intertidal communities and the Exxon Valdez oil spill. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 18: 177-192.
Vijayavel, K. and Balasubramanian, M.P. (2006) Changes in oxygen consumption and respiratory enzymes as stress indicators in an estuarine edible crab, Scylla serrrata exposed to naphthalene. Chemosphere, 63: 1523-1531.
Wu, J. and Zhou, X.A. (1992) Study of the effects of petroleum on the early development of mussel,Mytilus edulis. Transactions of Oceanology and Lmnology, 2: 46-50.
Yunker, M.B., Macdonald, R.W., Vingarzan, R., Mitchell, R.H., Goyette, D. and Sylvestre, D. (2002) PAHs in the fraser river Basin: a critical appraisal of PAHratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Organic Geochemistry, 33: 489-515.
Zitko, V. (1971) Determination of residual fuel oil contamination of aquatic animals. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 5: 559-564.
