Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) are well-defined role as unique cytokine and critical mediator in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases. In this study, we isolated and characterized a full-length of MIF cDNA from the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). The full-length cDNA of abMIF was of 1264 bp, consisting of a 5’-terminal UTR of 143 bp, an open reading frame of 360 bp and a 3-terminal UTR of 761 bp. The abalone MIF cDNA encodes a 119-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 13.4 kDa and isoelectric point of 9.07. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis with the deduced abalone MIF protein and showed strong homology with disk abalone (Haliotis discusdiscus). The deduced amino acid sequence of abMIF exhibited homology with other reported MIFs, such as 80%, with that of other disk abalone H. discus discus MIF gene. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that abMIF was highly expression observed in hapatopacreas, intestine, foot, and gonad of normal conditioned abalone. Even though AbMIF mRNA level in hemocytes was low under the normal condition, it was sharply up-regulated and reached the maximum at 6 h post-infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and then decreased at 24 h post-infection. This result indicates that abMIF plays an important role in responding in the innate immune system.
북방전복을 대상으로 성별에 따른 성장형질의 변이를 이용한 선발육종의 가능성 여부를 확인하고자, 실제로 암수 1:1 수정을 통하여 10가계를 생산 관리하여 성별에 따른 성장형질의 표현형 측정과 유전모수를 추정하였다. 그 결과 성비율은 1:1로 일반적 전복류의 성비와 같은 결과를 나타내었으며, 성별에 따른 성장은 모든 성장형질에 있어 암컷이 수컷보다 유의적으로 큰 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 이러한 결과는 선발을 할 때 성별에 따른 성장차이를 이용하여 양식전복의 성장률 향상을 할 수 있는 가능성을 시사하고 있다.
The purpose of this study is to estimate genetic parameter and growth traits by sex of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. The abalone 10 family produced using 1:1 mating system of male and female for analyses of sex ratio and growth traits (shell length, shell width, and total weight) by sex. Overall mean in phenotypic traits at 30-month-old showed 85.01 mm of shell length, 57.49 mm of shell width and 73.34 g of total weight respectively. The sex ratio (female : male) was 1:0.93 (n = 191:177). The values of growth traits by sex showed significant difference (P < 0.05). The each value of female growth traits were shown to be higher than the values of male growth traits. The heritability of growth traits by sex were estimated that the heritability of female growth traits are higher than male that. The results suggest a possibility of improving the growth of cultured abalone using selection breeding by sex.
The selected seven oligonucleotides primers BION-32, BION-33, BION-35, BION-38, BION-40, BION-46 and BION-58 generated the shared loci, specific loci, unique shared loci to each population and shared loci by the three T. granosa populations in Beolgyo, a Chinese site and Wonsan, respectively. The bandsharing value between individuals’ no. 03 and no. 04 was 0.816, which was the highest value identified within the Beolgyo population. The primer BION-35 generated the most loci (a total of 70), with an average of 10.0 in the Wonsan population. On average, seven oligonucleotides primers generated 16.1 specific loci in the Beolgyo population, 22.3 in the Chinese population and 39.3 in the Wonsan population. 126 unique shared loci to each population, with an average of 18 per primer, were observed in the Beolgyo population, 63 loci, with an average of 9 per primer, were observed in the Chinese population, and 49 loci, with an average of 7 per primer, and were observed in the Wonsan population. The oligonucleotides primer BION-32 generated 14 unique loci to each population, which were identifying each population in the Beolgyo population. Interestingly, every primer had not distinguished the shared loci by the three populations, major and/or minor fragments of sizes, which were identical in almost all of the samples. As regards average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from Beolgyo population (0.717 ± 0.057) exhibited higher BS values than did those from Wonsan population (0.552 ± 0.104) (P < 0.05). The dendrogram resulted from truthful seven oligonucleotides primers, representing three genetic clusters comprising group I (BEOLGYO 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06 and 07), group II (CHINESE 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) and group III (WONSAN 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21). In three T. granosa populations, the longest genetic distance (0.874) displaying significant molecular difference was also between individual no. 02 within the Beolgyo population and individual no. 12 within the Chinese population. Relatively, individuals of the CHINESE population were fairly closely related to those of the WONSAN population.
Metallothionein (MT) family of metal-binding proteins are involved in maintaining homeostasis and heavy metal poisoning. Recently, MT has been considered as a biomarker that can identify a particular species, very similar to the use of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Satsuma myomphala species of land snails have been reported from North-East Asia, including South Korea and Japan. In particular, the land snail species have been known from only a limited area of Geoje Island, Gyeongsangnam-do province of South Korea. Genetic studies of S. myomphala has been limited with only 6 nucleotide, 2 protein registered on the NCBI server. For elucidating the genetic information of S. myomphala, we conducted RNA sequencing analysis using Illumina HiSeq 2500 next-generation platform. We screened the MT gene from the RNA-Seq database to confirm the molecular phylogenetic relationship. After sequencing, the de novo analysis and clustering generated 103,774 unigenes. After annotation against PANM database using BLAST program, we obtained MT sequence of 74 amino acid residues containing the coding region of 222 bp. Based on this sequence, we found about 53 sequences using the BLAST program in NCBI nr database. Using ClustalX alignment, Maximum-Likehood Tree of MEGA program, we confirmed the molecular phylogenetic relationships that showed similarity with mollusks such as Helix pomatia and H. aspersa, Megathura crenulata.
본 연구는 2015년 우리나라 서해안에서 양식된 3배체 굴의 일반성분, 지방산, 아미노산 조성 및 글리코겐 함량의 계절적 변화를 조사하였다. 지방 함량은 겨울철에 가장 높았으며 (2월, <TEX>$2.10{\pm}0.06%$</TEX>), 단백질 함량은 가을철에 (11월, <TEX>$9.09{\pm}0.04%$</TEX>) 에서 가장 높았고 수분과 회분은 여름철 (8월, <TEX>$86.00{\pm}0.12%$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$2.67{\pm}0.03%$</TEX>) 에 가장 높았다. 총아미노산 함량은 겨울철 (1,011.5 mg/100 g) 에 가장 높았고, 점차적으로 감소하여 여름철에 가장 낮았다 (486.7 mg/100 g). 아미노산조성은 taurine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine 및 alanine 등이 주요 아미노산으로 분석되었다. 지방산 조성에서 전체 지방산 함량의 50 % 이상을 차지하는 지방산은 EPA와 DHA로 확인되었다. 글리코겐 함유량은 여름철에 가장 높았으며 (<TEX>$1.26{\pm}0.03g/100g$</TEX>), 다른 시기에는 <TEX>$0.69{\pm}0.04-0.86{\pm}0.01g/100g$</TEX>의 범위로 일정한 함량을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 3배체 굴은 불임처리를 통해 산란을 하지 않아 여름철에 글리코겐 함량이 높아 겨울철뿐만 아니라 여름철에도 상업적 가치가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.
We examined the seasonal variation of the proximate, amino acid, fatty acid composition and glycogen contents of triploid Pacific oyster cultured in western coastal waters of Korea in 2015. The specimens were collected in February, May, August and November from off-bottom farming site. The lipid content was the highest in winter season (February, 2.10 ± 0.06 %), the protein content was the highest in autumn season (November, 9.09 ± 0.04%) while the moisture and ash content was the highest in summer season (August, 86.00 ± 0.12% and 2.67 ± 0.03%, respectively). The total amino acid contents was the highest in winter season (1,011.5 mg / 100 g), decreased gradually and was the lowest in summer season (486.7 mg / 100 g). The total amino acid composition was dominated by taurine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine. In the fatty acid composition, the two fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which comprised that as much as 50% of the total fatty acid contents, were dominated during all season. The glycogen content was the highest in summer season (1.26 ± 0.03 g / 100 g) although it was stable during the other season with the range of 0.69 ± 0.04-0.86 ± 0.01 g / 100 g. Taken together, these results suggest that triploid pacific oysters have high commercial value not only in winter season but in summer season because they do not spawn and have high contents of glycogen comparing with those of diploid oyster in this period.
국립수산과학원 동해수산연구소는 강원도 양양군 동산리 시험어장 해역에 해만 가리비 양식가능성 연구를 수행했다. 시험을 위한 이식은 6월에 수행되었으며 당시 치패 평균 각장은 <TEX>$5.79{\pm}0.6mm$</TEX>이였으며, 7월에 <TEX>$15.83{\pm}0.8mm$</TEX>, 9월에 <TEX>$39.40{\pm}0.7mm$</TEX>, 11월에 <TEX>$55.72{\pm}5.8mm$</TEX>, 12월에 <TEX>$59.67{\pm}1.7mm$</TEX>로 성장하였다. 이식 당시의 평균 각고는 <TEX>$6.06{\pm}0.7mm$</TEX>이였으며, 7월에 <TEX>$16.40{\pm}0.9mm$</TEX>, 11월에 <TEX>$53.16{\pm}5.2mm$</TEX>, 12월 <TEX>$55.80{\pm}2.9mm$</TEX>로 성장하였다. 전중량은 7월에 <TEX>$0.78{\pm}0.5g$</TEX>이였으나 11월에 <TEX>$24.25{\pm}4.2g$</TEX>으로 증가하였으며 12월에는 <TEX>$26.06{\pm}4.3g$</TEX>으로 증가하였다. 각장 일간성장율은 6월 0.33mm/day, 9월에 0.43mm/day, 11월에 0.13 mm/day를 나타내었다. 각고 일간성장율의 경우 6월 0.34mm/day, 9월 0.49 mm/day, 11월 0.09 mm/day를 보였으며 전중량 일간성장율은 7월 0.20 g/day, 9월 0.27 g/day, 11월 0.06 g/day를 보였다. 각고의 상대성장의 경우 y= 0.9132x, <TEX>$R^2=0.9923$</TEX>으로 성장하였다. 본 연구 결과로 동해 북부해역인 강원도에서도 해만가리비 양식 가능성이 입증되었다. 따라서, 동해안에서 큰가리비 단일 품종 양식의 단조로운 양식에서 벗어나 해만가리비 양식 산업 확대로 어업인의 소득증대에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.
NIFS conducted a feasibility study on the bay scallop Argopecten irradians aquaculture in the test site of Dongsan-ri, Yangyang-gun, Gangwon-do in June 2015. The transplantation for the test was also carried out in June. The average shell length was 5.79 ± 0.6 mm at the time, 15.83 ± 0.8 mm in July, 39.40 ± 0.7 mm in September, 55.72 ± 5.8 mm in November and 59.67 ± 1.7 mm in December. At the time of transplantation, the average shell height was 6.06 ± 0.7 mm, and it grew to 16.40 ± 0.9 mm in July, 53.16 ± 5.2 mm in November and 55.80 ± 2.9 mm in December. Total weight was 0.78 ± 0.5 g in July but increased to 24.25 ± 4.2 g in November and 26.06 ± 4.3 g in December. The daily growth rate of shell length(DGR) was 0.33 mm / day in June, 0.43 mm / day in September and 0.13 mm / day in November. DGR of weight was 0.20 g / day in June, 0.27 g / day in September, 0.06 g / day in November. The relative growth of shell length and shell height was y = 0.9132X and R2 = 0.9923. As a result, it was proved that bay scallop aquaculture is possible in Gangwon province, the northern part of the East Sea. This will definitely increase the income of fishermen by enabling them to culture more aquaculture species than the single large Patinopecten yessoensis in the region.
Study on characteristics of the molluscan community structure and relationship between the structure and environmental variables in the abyssal plain of the East Sea was carried out for 5 years, starting from 2009 until the end of 2015 except 2010 and 2011. The water depth at the study site is approximately 1,600 m at minimum, and maximum depth of 2,000 m and a total of 16 molluscan species including Aplacophora, Gastropoda and Bivalvia were observed. Species with the highest biomass was Thyasira tokunagai, followed by Yoldiella philippiana which were observed at 9 sampling stations every year. Among 4 sampling stations having various depths (1,600/ 1,700/ 1,800/ 2,000 m), the highest diversity for species was observed at water depths of 1,600 m and 1,700 m, but found the lowest at 1,800 m. Both abundance and biomass were found to be negative correlations with water depth (p < 0.05), however, showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of organic matters (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). However, it is interesting to note that both Thyasira tokunagai (biomass, 82.6%; abundance, 44.1%) and Yoldiella philippiana (biomass, 15.9%; abundance, 4.7%) did not show distinctive correlations with water depth as well as concentrations of organic matters (p > 0.05). Therefore, it could be concluded that community structure of both Thyasira tokunagai and Yoldiella philippiana did not appear to be affected by water depth and concentrations of organic matters but geographical characteristics.
제주연안 5개 마을어장 주변해역에서 2013년부터 2015년까지 저서무척추동물의 군집구조를 파악하기 위해 조사하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사기간 중 총 629종의 저서동물이 채집되었고, 연체동물이 282종 (44.8%) 이였으며, 이 중 복족류가 31.8% 로 가장 우점하였고, 절지동물 88종 (14.0%), 해면동물 61종 (9.7%), 태형동물 52종 (8.3%) 및 자포동물은 51종 (8.1%) 의 순으로나타났다. 조사해역의 개체밀도와 생체량은 각각 71,007개체/<TEX>$m^2$</TEX>, <TEX>$599,2008.0gwwt/m^2$</TEX>로 연체동물 중 복족류가 개체수와 생체량에서 우점하였다. 주요 우점종은 바퀴고둥, 분홍멍게, 줄꼬마담치, 짧은미륵비늘갯지렁이, 상어껍질별벌레 로 주로 북족류와 해초류에서 높은 우점율을 나타냈다. 군집유사도의 집괴분석을 실시한 결과 5개 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었다. 정점별 종다양도 (H'), 균등도 (E') 및 풍부도 (R) 지수의 범위는 각각 4.28-4.64, 0.74-0.79, 33.17-35.45 로 종다양성 및 개체수 균일성이 가장 안정된 지역은 남부인 사계리에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 동부에 위치한 신흥리에서 낮게 나타났다.
This study was performed to know and compare the community structures of macrobenthic invertebrates of five fishing grounds in the coastal waters of Jeju Island from 2013 to 2015. A total of 629 species was identified. Molluscans comprised 282 species (44.8%), Arthropods 88 (14.0%), Poriferans 61 (9.7%), Bryozoans 52 (8.3%) and the others including Cnidarians 51 (8.1%). Density and biomass were estimated to be 71,007 ind./m2 and 599,208.0 gwwt/m2, respectively. Gastropods was the most dominant taxon in terms of abundance (24,625 ind./m2) and number of species as well, and Gastropods was predominant in biomass (190,789.0 gwwt/m2). The dominant species were Omphalius pfeifferi, Astralium haematragum, Musculus viridulus, Halosydna brevisetosa, Phascolosoma scolops, Herdmania monus in 5-20 m. Based on the cluster analysis, the study area could be divided into five station groups. The biodiversity, evenness and richness index appeared as follows: H' = 4.28-4.64, E' = 0.74-0.79, R = 33.17-35.45. The dominance index were highest in Sagye and lowest in Sinhung.
The bivalve Malleus regula (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) is reported for the first time from Korea. This is the second species of Malleidae reported from this country. Since the species is quite variable, comparisons were made with the original description and descriptions in the literature; some taxonomic comments were also made. Global warming and possible changes in the northward-flowing Tsushima Current may account for the addition of new mollusk species to the island’s fauna.
