- 권한신청
- E-ISSN2233-5382
- KCI
자녀 연령이 기혼여성의 경력 재단절에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Children's Age on Married Women's Career Reinterruption
고선 (School of Economics, Chung-Ang University)
Abstract
Purpose - The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of children's age on maternal labor supply in Korea using survival analysis. Specifically, we focus on the career re-interruption of women having children under age 12, which has rarely been studied in the existing literature. Research design, data, and methodology - We use micro data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) surveyed from 1998 to 2016. Instead of using a pre-school child dummy or the number of young children as an explanatory variable, 9 children's age dummies are included to capture the effect of nurturing 0 to 9 years old children. This study estimates the hazard of a woman's exiting the labor market after her first experience of the career interruption, rather than the hazard of the first career interruption itself. A Cox proportional hazard model is applied to numerically capture the impact of children's age on behavioral changes in maternal labor supply. The sample used in this analysis is women between 15 and 54 years old. Most of all, we restrict the sample to women who had at least a child between 0 and 12 years old at the time of quitting their jobs. Results - The Cox proportional hazard model estimates show a strong negative effect of a 0-year-old child on maternal labor supply. Mothers with newborns have a high hazard ratio of labor force exit after the re-entry. The hazard of women with infants is three times higher than those with children aged 10 to 18. Additionally, the results show that not only newborns, but also children in the age of school-entry have a negative impact on their mother's labor supply. Conclusions - The findings reveal that children's ages need to be properly expanded and included when analyzing the effect of children and their ages on married women's labor supply, especially on women's career re-interruption. A large negative effect of 7-year-old children on maternal labor supply found here indicates that supporting mothers with school age children as well as pre-school children is necessary to prevent mothers from leaving the labor market.
- keywords
- Career Reinterruption, Married Women, Labor Supply, Children's Age, Survival Analysis
참고문헌
Angrist, J. D., & Evans, W. N. (1998). Children and their parents’ labor supply: Evidence from exogenous variation in family size. American Economic Review, 88(3), 450-477.
Bailey, M. J. (2006). More power to the pill: The impact of contraceptive freedom on women's life cycle labor supply. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(1), 289-320.
Baker, M., Gruber, J., & Milligan, K. (2008). Universal child care, maternal labor supply, and family well-being. Journal of Political Economy, 116(4), 709-745.
Becker, G. S. (1985). Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor. Journal of Labor Economics, 3(1, Part 2), S33-S58.
Cleves, M. (2008). An Introduction to Survival Analysis Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
Gelbach, J. B. (2002). Public schooling for young children and maternal labor supply. American Economic Review, 92(1), 307-322.
Go, S., & Kim, J. (2017). Impact of railroads on local economies: Evidence from U.S. History. Journal of Distribution Science, 15(4), 25-32.
Goldin, C. (1992). Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Goldin, C., & Katz, L. F. (2002). The power of the pill:Oral contraceptives and women’s career and marriage decisions. Journal of Political Economy, 110(4), 730-770.
Goldin, C., & Mitchell, J. (2017). The new life cycle of women's employment: Disappearing humps, sagging middles, expanding tops. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(1), 161-82.
Gwon, J. (2015). A strategic effect of bundling on product distribution. Journal of Distribution Science, 13(10), 15-21.
Haeck, C., Lefebvre, P., & Merrigan, P. (2015). Canadian evidence on ten years of universal preschool policies: The good and the bad. Labour Economics, 36, 137-157.
Havnes, T., & Mogstad, M. (2011). Money for nothing? Universal child care and maternal employment. Journal of Public Economics, 95(11-12), 1455-1465.
Heckman, J. J. (1974). Effects of child-care programs on women's work effort. Journal of Political Economy, 82(2, Part 2), S136-S163.
Jeon, S. H. (2008). The impact of lifecycle events on women's labour force transitions: A panel analysis. Economic Record, 84(Special Issue), 83–98.
Kiefer, N. M. (1988). Economic duration data and hazard functions. Journal of Economic Literature, 26(2), 646-679.
Klerman, J. A., & Leibowitz, A. (1990). Child care and women's return to work after childbirth. American Economic Review, 80(2), 284-288.
Lundborg, P., Plug, E., & Rasmussen, A. W. (2017). Can women have children and a career? IV evidence from IVF treatments. American Economic Review, 107(6), 1611-1637.
Lundin, D., Mörk, E., & Öckert, B. (2008). How far can reduced childcare prices push female labour supply?. Labour Economics, 15(4), 647-659.
Mincer, J. (1962). Labor Force Participation of Married Women: A Study of Labor Supply. in H. Gregg Lewis (ed.), Aspects of Labor Economics. Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Paull, G. (2008). Children and women's hours of work. Economic Journal, 118(526), F8-F27.
Statistics Korea (2017a). Economically Active Population Survey. Retrieved May 1, 2018 from http://kosis.kr/eng/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.jsp?vwcd=MT_ETITLE& parmTabId=M_01_01
Statistics Korea (2017b). Local Area Labor Force Survey. Retrieved May 1, 2018 from http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsListIndex.do?menuId=M_01_01&vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&parmTabId=M_01_01#SelectSta tsBoxDiv
Yao, X., & Kwak, J. (2017). Study on mobile terminal distribution act: Effects of subsidy regulations. Journal of Distribution Science, 15(12), 53-60.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수