- 권한신청
- E-ISSN2233-5382
- KCI
Influence of Self-Construal on Choice of Overseas Travel Product Type
Influence of Self-Construal on Choice of Overseas Travel Product Type
Abstract
Purpose: Understanding which product types of overseas travel (free independent travel vs. package travel) consumers will choose is one of the key issues of marketing and consumer behavior in travel agency management. Prior studies on overseas travel type preferences mainly focused on comparing regional differences (e.g., Asian vs. Westerner, or Korean vs. Australian, or Korean vs. Japanese, or American, French, Italian vs. Japanese) influencing the choice of overseas travel type. Another researchers focused on comparing cultural differences (e.g., individualism vs. collectivism, or individualistic culture vs. collectivistic culture), subcultural difference (e.g., acculturation; Koreans living in Republic of Korea vs. Koreans living in Australia), travel lifestyle, and socio-demographics (e.g., age, gender, income level, education level, marital status, occupation etc.). However, there are few studies that identify individual psychological differences (i.e., individual psychological differences within the same culture) influencing the choice of overseas travel type. Self-construal is a psychological factors that greatly influences choice behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of self-construal as an antecedent variable influencing choice of overseas travel product type. Research design, data and methodology: To achieve the purpose of this study, the questionnaire survey method was used. Self-construal items composed of independent self-construal items and interdependent self-construal items. Product types of overseas travel were free independent travel (FIT) type versus package travel type. In this study, the correlation coefficient between independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal was nonsignificant. It meant that the relationship between independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal was orthogonal. Therefore it was analyzed that independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal separately. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, and logistic regression analysis (controlling gender and age) was used as the data analysis method. Results: According to the results of this study, the stronger independent self-construal, the more preference for the free independent travel type rather than package travel, and the stronger interdependent self-construal, the more preference for the package travel type rather than free independent travel. Conclusions: Self-construal is an antecedent variable influencing the choice of travel type. Travel agencies must consider the consumer's self-construal (independent self-construal vs. interdependent self-construal) before planning and designing overseas travel products.
- keywords
- interdependent self-construal, independent self-construal, overseas travel, free independent travel, package travel
참고문헌
Abele, A. E., & Wojciszke, B. (2007). Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(5), 751-763.
Cao, J., Galinsky, A. D., & Maddux, W. W. (2014). Does travel broaden the mind? Breadth of foreign experiences increases generalized trust. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(5), 517-525.
Caruana, R., Crane, A., & Fitchett, J. A. (2008). Paradoxes of consumer independence: A critical discourse analysis of the independent traveler. Marketing Theory, 8(3), 253-272.
Chen, J. S., & Hsu, C. H. (2000). Measurement of Korean tourists' perceived images of overseas destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 38(4), 411-416.
Cojuharenco, I., Shteynberg, G., Gelfand, M., & Schminke, M. (2012). Self-construal and unethical behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 447-461.
Correia, A., Kozak, M., & Ferradeira, J. (2011). Impact of culture on tourist decision-making styles. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(5), 433-446.
Coşcan, C., Phalet, K., Güngör, D., & Mesquita, B. (2016). Relationship context matters: Cultural differences in self-construals revisited. Cross-Cultural Research, 50(1), 63-84.
Cross, S. E., Hardin, E. E., & Gercek-Swing, B. (2011). The what, how, why, and where of self-construal. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(2), 142-179.
Crotts, J. C. (2004). The effect of cultural distance on overseas travel behaviors. Journal of Travel Research, 43(1), 83-88.
Gao, J. (1998). "Don't take my word for it." -Understanding Chinese speaking practices. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 22, 163-186.
Gerasimovic, M., & Bugaric, U. (2018). Enrollment management model: Artificial neural networks versus logistic regression. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 32(2), 153-164.
Hanai, T., Oguchi, T., Ando, K., & Yamaguchi, K. (2008). Importance attributes of lodgings to gain repeat business: A comparison between individual travels and group travels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27, 268-275.
Hofstede, G. H. (2001). Culture's consequence:international differences in work-related values (2nd ed). Beverly Hills, CA:Sage.
Hong, J., & Chang, H. H. (2015). "I" follow my heart and "we" rely on reasons: The impact of self-construal on reliance on feelings versus reasons in decision making. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(6), 1392-1411.
Hoyt, C., & Price, T. L. (2015). Ethical decision making and leadership: Merging social role and self-construal perspectives. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(4), 531-539.
Hudson, S., Walker, G. J., Simpson, B., & Hinch, T. (2013). The influence of ethnicity and self-construal on leisure constraints. Leisure Science, 35(2), 145-166.
Hung, Y. C., Song, L., Chao, C.-W., & Guan, C. (2017). Love at first: The effect of presentation order on evaluation of experiential options in luxury tour packages. Journal of Business Research, 81, 181-191.
Hyde, K. F., & Lawson, R. (2003). The nature of independent travel. Journal of Travel Research, 42, 13-23.
Ito, E., & Walker, G. J. (2016). Cultural commonality and specificity in Japanese and Euro-Canadian undergraduate students' leisure experiences: An exploratory study on control and positive affect. Leisure Science, 38(3), 249-267.
Iverson, T. J. (1997). Decision timing: A comparison of Korean and Japanese travelers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 16(2), 209-219.
Kamleitner, B., Thürridl, C., & Martin, B. A. S. (2019). A Cinderella story: How past identity salience boosts demand for repurposed products. Journal of Marketing, 83(6), 76-92.
Kang, M. S., & Kim, D. W. (2014). An analysis of the preference of characteristics of air overseas travel type by segment groups. Journal of the Aviation Management Society of Korea, 12(6), 77-93.
Krishna, K. (2008). The effect of self-construal on spatial judgments. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(2), 337-348.
Lalwani, A. K., & Shavitt, S. (2009). The "me" I claim to be: Cultural self-construal elicits self-presentational goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 88-102.
Lalwani, A. K., & Shavitt, S. (2013). You get what you pay for? Self-construal influences price-quality judgments. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(2), 255-267.
Lankford, S. V., Dieser, R. B., & Walker, G. J. (2005). Selfconstrual and pilgrimage travel. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 802-804.
Lee, J. W. (2012). The impact of foreign exchange rates on international travel: The case of South Korea. Journal of Distribution Science, 10(9), 5-11.
Lee, S. H., & Sparks, B. (2007). Cultural influences on travel lifestyle: A comparison of Korean Australians and Koreans in Korea. Tourism Management, 28(2), 505-518
Lee, S. J., & Jing, D. (2015). Use intentions of mobile tour apps through expansion of the technology acceptance model. Journal of Distribution Science, 13(10), 135-142.
Litvin, S. W., Crottd, J. C., & Hefner, F. L. (2004). Crosscultural tourist behavior: A replication and extension involving Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6(1), 29-37.
Lu, J. G., Quoidback, J., Gino, F., Chakroff, A., Maddux, W. W., & Galinsky. A. D. (2017). The dark side of going abroad: How broad foreign experiences increase immoral behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 112(1), 1-16.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self:Implication for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-253.
Martin, D. (2010). Uncovering unconscious memories and myths for understanding international tourism behavior. Journal of Business Research, 63(4), 372-383.
Meng, F. (2010). Individualism/collectivism and group travel behavior: A cross-cultural perspective. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(4), 340-3351.
Money, R. B., & Crotts, J. C. (2003). The effect of uncertainty avoidance on information search, planning, and purchases of international travel vacations. Tourism Management, 24(2), 191-202.
Nishimura, S., King, B., & Waryszak, R. (2007), The Use of travel guidebooks by packaged and non-packaged Japanese travelers: A comparative study. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13(4), 291-310.
Niu, L. X., & Lee, J. H. (2018). The intention of repurchase on e-service quality by online travel agency site. International Journal of Industrial Distribution &Business, 9(7), 61-70.
Oyserman, D. (1993). The lens of personhood: Viewing the self and others in a multicultural society. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(5), 993-1009.
Peng, C. Y. J., & So, T. S. H. (2002). Logistic regression analysis and reporting: A primer. Understanding Statistics, 1(1), 31-70.
Pizam, R. B., & Jeong, G. H. (1996). Cross-cultural tourist behavior: Perceptions of Korean tour-guides. Tourism Management, 17(4), 277-286.
Pizam, A., & Sussmann. S. (1995). Does nationality affect tourist behavior?, Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 901-917.
Ryu, S., King, B., & Zuhair, S. (2013). The perceived risks of traveling overseas: Evidence from Korea. Tourism Review International, 17(2), 75-88.
Schumacher, P., Olinsky, A., Quinn, J., & Smith, R. (2010). A comparison of logistic regression, neural networks, and classification trees predicting success of actuarial students. Journal of Education for Business, 85(5), 258-263.
Sinha, J., & Lu, F. C. (2019). Ignored or rejected: Retail exclusion effects on construal levels and consumer responses to compensation. Journal of Consumer Research, 46(4), 791-807.
Simpson, B., White, K., & Laran, J. (2018). When public recognition for charitable giving backfires: The role of independent self-construal. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(6), 1257-1273.
Spiers, A., & Walker, G. J. (2009). The effects of ethnicity and leisure satisfaction on happiness, peacefulness, and quality of life. Leisure Science, 31(1), 84-99.
Torelli, C. J. (2006). Individuality or conformity? The effect of independent and interdependent self-concept on public judgments. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16(3), 240-248.
Walker, G. J. (2009). Culture, self-construal, and leisure motivations. Leisure Science, 31(4), 347-363.
Walker, G. J., Deng, J., & Dieser, R. B. (2001). Ethnicity, acculturation, self-construal, and motivation for outdoor recreation. Leisure Science, 23(4), 263-283.
Walker, G. J., Deng, J., & Dieser, R. B. (2005). Culture, self-construal, and leisure theory and practice. Journal of Leisure Research, 37(1), 77-99.
Walker, G. J., Jackson, E. L., & Deng, J. (2008). The role of self-construal as an intervening variable between culture and leisure constraints: A comparison of Canadian and Mainland Chinese university students. Journal of Leisure Research, 40(1), 90-109.
Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., & Huan, T. C. (2000). Critical service features in group package tour: An exploratory research. Tourism Management, 21(2), 177-189.
Wong, S., & Lau, E. (2001). Understanding the behavior of Hong Kong Chinese tourists on group tour packages. Journal of Travel Research, 40(1), 57-67.
Woodside, A. G, Hsu, S.-Y., & Marshall, R.(2011). General theory of cultures' consequences on international tourism behavior. Journal of Business Research, 64(8), 785-799.
Wu, C. H., Parker, S. K., Wu, L. Z., & Lee, C. (2018). When and why people engage in different forms of proactive behavior: Interactive effects of self-construals and work characteristics. Academy Management Journal, 61(1), 293-323.
Yang, H., Stamatogiannakis, A., & Chattopadhyay, A. (2015). Pursuing attainment versus maintenance goals:The interplay of self-construal and goal type on consumer motivation. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(1), 93-108.
Zhang, Q., Oetzel, J. G., Ting-Toomey, S., & Zhang, J. (2015). Making up or getting even? The effects of face concerns, self-construal, and apology of forgiveness, reconciliation, and revenge in the United States and China. Communication Research, 42, 1-22.
Zhang, Y., Cole, S., Hirt, E., & Bilgihan, A. (2017). Selfdetermined travel facilitation with mental construal priming. Tourism Management, 61, 472-483
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수