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ISSN : 1229-0718
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the essential behavioral characteristics differed among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) subtypes. Children (aged 7-12) diagnosed as ADHD at a local hospital were initially recruited, whose parents or teachers were asked to rate them using the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and using the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT). Forty-one children who met the criteria for ADHD-Inattention type (ADHD/I), and 44 who met the criteria for ADHD-Combined type were eventually selected to participate in this study. Forty-four children from a local elementary school who did not meet any of the criteria for ADHD were also included in this study as the control group. In this study, to test the differences in the essential characteristics and the attention problem between the two ADHD subtypes, the groups were compared on the ADHD score and on the SCT score. The most interesting result in this study was that DSM-IV attention items were divided into sustained attention and hypoactive attention. Sustained attention referred to the four inattention items from DSM-IV that correlated with the hyperactivity factor, and hypoactive attention referred to the five inattention items that correlated with the SCT factor. ADHD/I group exhibited significantly more SCT symptoms than the ADHD/C group and the control group, but ADHD/I group and ADHD/C group were not significantly different on the hypoactive attention score. ADHD/C group exhibited significantly higher hyperactivity/ impulsivity score and sustained attention score than did ADHD/I group and the control group. Such results suggest that ADHD/C is characterized by hyperactivity/impulsivity and sustained attention deficit, whereas the behaviors of the ADHD/I are characterized by SCT consisting of behaviors such as drowsiness, hypoactivity, and psychomotor retardation.
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