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본 연구는 환경심리학의 주의회복이론(Kaplan, 1995)에 근거하여 자연관광의 심리적 효과를 확인하고자 하였으며, 조사연구와 유사실험설계의 절차를 수행하였다. 연구 1에서는 과거 6개월 이내 순수숙박여행 경험자를 대상으로 인터넷조사를 수행하여 270명의 자료를 수집하고 분석하였다. 자연관광자와 기타 다른관광자를 구분한 후 환경교류체험 5개 차원(매혹, 해방감, 혼잡, 조화, 자기확인/표현)을 측정 비교하였다. 비교결과 자연관광자의 환경교류 체험이 기타 다른관광자에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 환경교류체험이 행복감과 스트레스해소감에 미치는 영향은 두 집단간 차이가 없었다. 연구 2에서는 유사실험설계 방법을 활용하여 자연관광을 수행하는 대학생집단(66명)을 실험집단으로 삼고, 여행을 하지 않는 통제집단(20명)과 비교하여 자연관광 전후에 인지적, 정서적 지수가 나아지는지를 검증하였다. 분석결과, 인지적 지수 중 여행관여도와 정서적 지수 3개 차원(우울, 불안, 긍정)은 여행직후와 2주후 측정에서 달라지지 않았다. 다만, 인지적 지수 중 주의집중력에 해당되는 오탈자찾기 점수가 여행직후에 유의하게 감소하다가 2주후에 회복되는 경향을 발견하였다. 추가적으로 2주후 현재 인지적 지수와 정서적 지수를 종속변수로 하여, 여행직후와 2주후 측정한 관광체험 기억의 예언력을 확인한 결과, 여행직후 측정한 관광체험이 유의한 영향력이 없는 반면 2주후 기억한 관광체험은 유의한 효과를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 자연관광의 심리적 효과가 현장 체험 그 자체가 아니라 여행의 피로도와 기억경험에 의존하여 달라진다는 사실을 암시한다. 논의 및 결론에서는 본 연구의 방법론적 한계와 결과의 시사점을 제시하였다.
This study was performed to identify the psychological effects of nature tourism based on Attention Restoration Theory(Kaplan, 1995) through two sub studies. In study 1, the data of 270 people were collected from internet survey, who had experienced some pleasure travel within the past 6 months. Environmental experience of 5 factors(fascination, being away, extent, compatibility, and self expression/ identification) were compared between nature tourists and the other tourists. As the anticipations, the results showed that nature tourists group had significantly and positively higher scores on all dimensions of experience than others. However, there were not different effect sizes of these environmental experience factors on the perceived stress reduction and subjective happiness between two groups. Study 2 performed a quasi experiment to test the effect of nature tourism on psychological indexes of cognitive and affective states. The data of experimental group was 66 undergraduates who took nature tourism as a group, were compared to the control group of null travelling 20 students during the same period. The results informed that any psychological state had not significant change among three points of measurement which were pre-travel, onsite, and 2 weeks later of travel, except for attentional concentration power scored of seeking for wrong words. The means of wrong words scores has lowered at the onsite point and been recovered at the two weeks later to the level of the pre-travel. Additionally, any factor of the 5 onsite experience as the independents had non-significant effected on the two weeks later scores of psychological states. Instead the 2 weeks later recalled tourism experience had significantly effected on the present psychological states. These results implied that the psychological effects of nature tourism could be varied depending on fatigue of travelling and memory of experience. In conclusion, implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
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