곽금주, 문은영 (1993). 심리적 특징 및 우울과 비행간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 6(2), 29-43.

곽금주, 문은영 (1995). 심리적 특징 및 우울과 비행간의 관계(II): 청소년 이전기를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 8(1), 1-11.

보건복지가족부 (2008). 아동청소년백서.

서봉연 (1979). 한국과 서독 청소년의 identity 발달에 관한 비교연구. 사회연구, 제2집.

오경자, 이혜련, 홍강의, 하은혜 (1997). K-CBCL의 아동 청소년 행동평가 척도. 중앙적성출판사.

이춘재, 곽금주 (1994). 자기상으로 본 청소년의 심리, 사회적 발달(I): 연령에 따른 차이. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 7(2), 119-135.

조맹제, 김계희 (1993). 주요우울증환자 예비평가에서 the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)의 진단적 타당성연구. 신경정신의학, 32, 381-399.

조수철, 이영식 (1990). 한국형 소아우울척도의 개발. 신경정신의학, 29(4), 943-955.

조재임 (1996). 우울의 두 차원에 관한 연구. 고려대학교 대학원 석사학위청구논문.

홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식 모형의 기초. 워크샵교재. Department of Education and Psychology, University of California, Santa Babara.

Abramson, L. Y., & Sackheim, H. A. (1977). A paradox in depression: Uncontrollability and self-blame. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 838-851.

Akiskal, H. S., Rosenthal, R. H., Rosenthal, T. L., Kashgarian, M. Khani, J. K., & Puzantian, V. R. (1979). Differentiation of primary affective illness from situational, symptomatic and secondary depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 635-643.

Altman, E. O., & Gotlib, I. H. (1988). The social behavior of depressed children: An observational study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 16, 29-44.

Altman, J. H., & Wittenborn, J. R. (1980). Depression-pronepersonality in women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 89, 303-308.

American Psychiatry Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manal of Mental Disorders, 3rd. Washington, DC.

Arieti, S., & Bemporad, J. R. (1978). Severe and mild depression: The therapeutic approach. New York: Basic Books.

Arieti, S., & Bemporad, J. R. (1980). The Psychological organization of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 1360-1365.

Beck, A. T. (1983). Cognitive therapy of depression: New perspectives. In P. J. Clayton & J. E. Barrett(Eds.), Treatment of depression: Old controversies and new approaches, pp.265-290. New York : Raven.

Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Harrison, R., & Emery, G. (1983). Development of the sociotropy-autonomy scale: A measure of personality factors in psychopathology. Unpublished manuscript, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

Blatt, S. J. (1974). Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. The Psychoanalytic study of the Child, 24, 107-157.

Blatt, S. J., & Blass, R. B. (1992). Relatedness and self-definition: Two primary dimensions in personality development, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. In J. Barron, M. Eagle, & D. Wolitsky (Eds.), The interface between psychoanalysis and psychology (pp. 399-428). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Blatt, S. J., & Blass, R. (1996). Relatedness and self definition: A dialectic model of personality development. In G. G. Noam & K. W. Fischer (Eds.), Development and vulnerabilities in close relationships (pp. 309-338). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Blatt, S. J., D'Afflitti, J. P., & Quinlan, D. M. (1976). Experiences of depression in normal young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 383-389.

Blatt, S. J., Hart, B., Quinlan, D. M., Leadbeater, B. J., & Auerbach, J. (1993). Interpersonal and self-critical dysphoria and behavioral problems in adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22, 253-269.

Blatt, S. J., Quinlan, D. M., Chevron, E. S., MacDonald, C., & Zuroff, D. (1982). Dependency and self-criticism: Psychological dimensions of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 113-124.

Blatt, S. J., Schaffer, C. E., Bers, S. A., & Quinlan, D. M. (1992). Psychometric Properties of the Depression Experience Questionnaire for adolescents. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59(1), 82-98.

Blatt, S. J., & Zuroff, D. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 527-562.

Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss, Volume 2: Separation, anxiety, and anger. New York: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, Volume 3: Loss, separation and depression. New York: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. London: Routledge-Kegan Paul.

Carlson, G. A., & Kashani, J. H. (1988). Phenomenology of Major Depression from Childhood through Adulthood; Analysis of Three Studies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1222-1225.

Carlson, G. A., & Strober, M. (1983). Affective disorders in adolescence. In Cantwell, D. P., and Carlson, G. A.(eds.), Affective Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: An Update. Spectrum, New York.

Cohen, M. B., Baker, G., Gohen, R. A., Fromm-Reichman, F., & Weigert, E. (1954). An intensive study of twelve cases of manic depressive psychosis. Psychiatry, 17, 103-137.

Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (1988). Scales to assess child and adolescent depression: Checklist, screens, and nets. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 726-737.

Donaldson, D., Spirito, A., & Farnett, E. (2000). The role of perfectionism and depressive cognitions in understanding the hopelessness experienced by adolescent suicide attempters. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 31, 99-111.

Ebata, A. T., & Petersen, A. C. (1986). Patterns of adjustment during early adolescence: Gender differences in depression and achievement.

Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and Society, New York: Norton.

Fehon, D. C., Grilo, C. M., & Martino, S. A. (2000). Comparison of dependent and self-critically depressed hospitalized adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 93-106.

Fichman, L., Koestner, R., & Zuroff, D. C. (1994). Depressive styles in adolescence: Assessment, relation to social functioning, and developmental trends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 23, 315-330.

Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., Endler, N. S., & Bagby, R. M. (1995). Conceptualization and assessment of personality factors in depression. European Journal of Personality, 9, 309-350.

Frank, S. J., Poorman, M. O., Van Egeren, L. A., & Field, D. T. (1997). Perceived relationships with parents among adolescent inpatients with depressive preoccupations and depressed mood. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 26, 205–215.

Frank, S. J., Van Egeren, L. A., Paul, J. S., Poorman, M. O., Sanford, K., Williams, O. B., & Field, D. T. (1997). Measuring self-critical and interpersonal preoccupations in an adolescent inpatient sample. Psychological Assessment, 9, 185–195.

Greaven, S. H., Santor, D. A., Thompson, R., & Zuroff, D. C. (2000). Adolescent self-handicapping, depressive affect, and maternal parenting style. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 631–646.

Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., & Clayton, P. (1971). Preliminary communication secondary affective disorder: A Study of 95 cases. Psychological Medicine, 1, 426-428.

Harter, S. (1985). Manual for Self-perception Profile for Children. University of Denver.

Harter, S. (1990). Causes, Correlates, and the Function Role of Global Self-Worth: A Life-Span Perspective. In R. J. Sternberg & J. Kolligian(Eds.), Competence considered (pp. 67-97). New Haven, CT. Yale University Press.

Harter, S., & Marold, D. B. (1994). Psychosocial risk factors contributing to adolescent suicidal ideation, In G, G, Noam & S. Borst(Eds.), Children, youth, and suicide Developmental perspective. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Harter, S., & Whitesell. N. R, (1996). Multiple pathways to Self-reported depression and psychological adjustment among Adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 761-777.

Helsel, W. J., & Madson, J. L. (1984). The assessment of depression in children: The internal structure of the Child Depression Inventory(CDI). Behavior Research and Therapy, 22, 289-298.

Henrich, C. C., Kuperminc, G. P., Sack, A., Blatt, S. J., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2000). Characteristics and homogeniety of early adolescent friendship groups: A comparison of male and female clique and nonclique members. Applied Developmental Science, 4, 15–26.

Izard, C. E., & Schwartz, G. M. (1986). Patterns of emotion in depression. In M. Rutter, C. E. Izard, & P. B. Read(eds.), Depression in young people: Developmental and clinical prospectives, New York: Guilford.

Jacobson, R. H., Lahey, B. B., & Strauss, C. C. (1983). Correlates of depressed mood in normal children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 11, 29-40.

Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.

Kazdin, A. E., Rodger, A., & Colbus, D. (1988). The Hopelessness Scale for Children: psychometric characteristics and concurrent validity. Journal of Consult Clinical Psychology, 46, 305-315.

Klien, D. N. (1989). The depressive experiences questionnaire: A further evaluation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53(4), 703-715

Kovacs, M., & Beck, A. T. (1977). An empirical clinical approach toward a definition of childhood depression. In J. G. Schulterbrandt and A. Raskin (eds.), Depression in Childhood: Diagnosis, treatment and conceptual models. New York: Raven.

Kuperminc, G. P., Blatt, S. J., & Leadbeater, B. J. (1997). Relatedness, self-definition, and early adolescent adjustment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 301-320.

Kuperminc, G. P., Leadbeater, B. J., & Blatt, S. J. (2001). School social climate and individual differences in vulnerability to psychopathology among middle school students. Journal of School Psychology, 39, 141–159.

Lewinsohn, P. M., Clarke, G. N., Seeley, J. R., & Rohde, P. (1994). Major depression in community adolescents: Age at onset, episode duration, and time to recurrence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 809-818.

Lewinsohn, P. M., Gotllb, I. H., & Seeley, J. R. (1997). Depression related psychosocial variables: Are they specific to depression in adolescents?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 365-375.

Noh, S., Avison, W., & Kasper, V. (1992). Depression symptoms among Korean immigrants: Assessment of a translation of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Psychological Assessment, 4, 84-91.

Peterson, A. C., Schulenberg, J. E., Abramowitz, R. H., Offer, D., & Jarcho, H. (1984). A self-image questionnaire for young adolescents(SIQYA): Reliability and validity studies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 13, 93-111.

Reis, H. T. (1990). The role of intimacy in interpersonal relations. Journal of Social Clinical Psychology, 9, 15-30.

Robinson, J. P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L. S. (1991). Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. San Diego: Academic Press.

Rutter, M. (1986). The developmental psychopathology of depression: Issues and perspectives. In M. Rutter, C. E. Izard, and P. B. Read (eds.), Depression in young people: Developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 3-32). New York: Guildford.

Shahar, G., Gallagher, E. F., Blatt, S. J., Kuperminc, G. P., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2004). An interactive-synergetic approach to the assessment of personality vulnerability to depression: Illustration using the adolescent version of the depressive experiences questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 605-625.

Shahar, G., Henrich, C. C., Blatt, S. J., Ryan, R., & Little, T. D. (2003). Interpersonal - relatedness, self-definition, and their motivational underpinning during adolescence: A theoretical and empirical investigation. Developmental Psychology, 39, 470-483.

Shahar, G., Henrich, C. C., Winokur, A., Blatt, S. J., Kuperminc, G. P., & Leadbeater, B. J. (2006). Self-criticism and Depressive Symptomatology interact to predict middle school achievement. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 147-155.

Weissman, M. M., Orvaschel, H., & Padian, N. (1980). Children's symptoms and social functioning self-report scales. Journal of Nervous and mental desease, 168, 736-740.

Weissman, M. M., Pottenger, M., Kleber, H., Ruben, H. I., Williams, D., & Thompson, W. D. (1977). Symptom patterns in primary and secondary depression: A comparison of primary depressives with depressed opiate addicts, alcoholics and schizophrenics. Archives of Grenral Psychiatry, 34, 854-862.

Welkowitz, J., Lish, J. D., & Bond, N. (1985). The depressive experiences questionnaire: Revision and validation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 89-93.

Wixom, J., Ludolph, P., & Westen, D. (1993). The quality of depression in adolescents with borderline personality disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32, 1172-1177.

Woodruff, R. A., Murphy, G. E., & Herjanic, M. (1967). The nature of history of affective disorders: I. Symptoms of 72 patients at the time of index hospital admission. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 5, 255-263.

Zuroff, D. C., & Koestner, R. (1994). Self-Criticism at Age 12: A Longitudinal Study of Adjustment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18(4), 367-385.

Zuroff, D. C., Moskowitz, D. S., Powers, T. A., & Franko, D. L. (1983). Construct validation of the dependency and self-criticism scales of the depressive experiences questionnaire. Journal of Research in Personality, 17, 226-241.

Zuroff, D. C., Quinlan, D. M., & Blatt, S. J. (1990). Psychometric properties of the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire in a college population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 65-72.