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ISSN : 1229-0718
본 연구의 목적은 3세부터 7세에 이르기까지 어머니의 온정/애정적인 양육의 발달적 변화를 알아보고 3세 경 애정적인 양육의 초기 값과 3세부터 7세까지 애정적인 양육의 변화율이 아동의 학교적응에 어떤 영향을 주는 가를 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상은 만 7세 아동의 어머니와 학교 담임교사 96쌍들이다. 어머니의 애정적인 양육태도는 2년 간격으로 총 3회 걸쳐 3세, 5세, 7세에 어머니 보고로 측정했으며, 학교적응은 7세경 아동의 각 담임교사의 보고를 통해 측정하였다. 어머니 보고와 교사 보고에서 나온 자료를 토대로 일차적으로 상관분석을 실시하였다. 3세부터 7세까지 애정적인 양육의 변화를 알아보고 3세 양육의 초기 값과 3세부터 7세까지 양육의 변화율이 학교적응에 어떤 영향을 주는 지를 알아보기 위해 잠재성장모형(latent growth model)으로 분석하였다. 결과에 의하면 3세 부터 7세까지 어머니의 애정적 양육은 완만하게 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 3세 경 아동에 대한 어머니의 애정적인 양육에서 개인차가 나타났다. 3세경, 어머니의 애정적인 양육은 7세 아동의 학교적응에 어떤 영향을 주지 않았으나, 3세부터 7세까지 나타난 애정적인 양육의 변화율은 감소 속도가 완만할수록 아동은 학교생활적응, 학업수행적응 그리고 또래적응에서 더 높은 수준을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 3세부터 7세에 이르기까지 어머니의 애정적인 양육 정도는 아주 서서히 감소되는 경향을 보이며, 이런 경향은 아동의 학교적응에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다는 것을 알 수 있다. 현 연구 결과는 애정적인 양육이 아동의 발달에 긍정적 영향을 준다는 사실에는 변함이 없으나, 아동의 연령이 증가함에 따라 어머니들의 양육태도에서 변화가 필요함을 시사하는 데 근거를 제공해 주고 있다.
This study is aimed to investigate developmental changes in affective parenting from 3 to 7 years of age, and the influence of parenting at 3 years and changes in parenting between 3 and 7 years of age on school adjustment. Participants were 96 dyads of mothers and classroom teachers. Affective parenting was measured at intervals of 2 years in 3-, 5-, and 7-year-old children (3 measurements total) by reports from the mothers; school adjustment was measured via teachers' reports. A latent growth model was utilized to examine developmental changes in affective parenting, and the influence of parenting at 3 years and changes in parenting from 3 to 7 years on school adjustment. According to the results, mothers’ affective parenting for the 3- to 7-year-olds showed a tendency to decrease slowly, and there were individual differences in mothers’ affection for the 3-year-old children. Mothers’ affective parenting at 3 years did not affect the school adjustment of the 7-year-olds, but an association was found showing that the slower the rate of decline in changes in affective parenting from 3 to 7 years, the higher the level of school-life adjustment, academic performance, and peer adjustment. These results indicated that the mothers’ affective parenting shows a tendency to decrease very slowly between 3 and 7 years of age, and that this tendency had a positive influence on children’s school adjustment.
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