바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

Mother's Emotion Expression and Response to Children's Negative Emotion Expression by Emotion-related Beliefs about Children's Emotion

Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate Korean mothers' emotion-related beliefs and their relationship to mothers' emotional expressions and responses to children's negative emotional expressions. Mothers with 3-6 years old children completed questionnaires regarding emotion-related beliefs, mother's own emotional expressions, and coping strategies for children's negative emotional expressions. Our results showed that Korean mothers had twelve beliefs regarding value, control, developmental processes, guidance, and relation. Beliefs about positive emotional value were the highest, and beliefs about contempt were the lowest. Our results also revealed a significant relationship between Korean mothers' emotion-related beliefs and their emotion-related parenting behaviors. Beliefs about negative emotional value, positive emotional value, and parental guidance were positively related to supportive responses. Beliefs that all emotions are bad were positively related to non-supportive responses and negatively related to emotional expressions. Beliefs about contempt and manipulation were positively related to supportive responses. Furthermore, Korean mothers' emotion-related beliefs significantly predicted emotion-related parenting behaviors. Overall, these results suggest that emotion-related beliefs are crucial cognitive variables related to parenting behaviors

keywords
Submission Date
2013-07-14
Revised Date
2013-08-30
Accepted Date
2013-09-08

Reference

1.

김희정 (1995). 어머니가 지각한 부정적 정서에 대한 아동의 대처반응. 숙명여자대학교 석사학위 논문.

2.

김희진 (1995). 자녀 양육에 대한 한국과 미국 어머니들의 신념 비교 연구. 유아교육연구회. 15(2). 5-22.

3.

박광향 (2009). 자녀의 성별과 연령에 따른 자녀의 부정적 정서에 대한 부모의 반응. 가톨릭대학교 상담심리대학원 석사학위 논문.

4.

배지우 (2010). 부모상위정서와 양육태도 및 아동행동문제간의 관계. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

5.

백미애 (2002). 부모의 정서표현에 따른 유아의 감정조망수용능력과 감정조절능력. 이화여자대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

6.

윤태림 (1986). 한국인의 성격. 서울: 도방도서.

7.

이현민 (1998). 자녀의 정서표현에 대한 어머니태도, 아동의 자기조절 능력과 정서지능과의 관계. 경희대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

8.

장희정, 방희정, 옥정 (2005). 체벌에 대한 신념, 양육 스트레스가 체벌행동을 매개로 아동 부적응에 미치는 영향 : 양육 효능감 중재 효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 18(3), 143-163.

9.

정윤경, 박보은 (2010). 정서표현성과 정서표현 양가성의 발달적 관련 변인: 회고된 어머니의 정서 표현 양식. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 23(4), 111-125.

10.

정윤경, 박혜진 (2012). 한국 부모의 정서발달에 대한 신념과 이에 따른 정서관련 양육행동. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 25(2), 107-128.

11.

최상진 (1997). 한국인의 심리특성. 한국심리학회(편), 현대심리학의 이해(pp. 695-766). 서울: 학문사.

12.

최해연 (2012). 한국의 대학생과 직장인이 경험하는 긍정정서의 구조. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 26(4), 73-88.

13.

최해연, 민경환 (2005). 정서표현에 대한 부정적 신념의 구조와 기능. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 24(1), 239-257.

14.

하정 (1997). 정서표현 성향과 스트레스 평가 및 대처가 우울에 미치는 영향. 이화여자대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.

15.

홍세희 (2000). 구조 방정식 모형의 적합도 지수선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), 161-177.

16.

Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1985). Anxiety Disorder and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. New York: Basic Books.

17.

Cervantes, C. A., & Seo, M. (2005). Korean mother's belief about children's emotions: An examination of parenting in a multicultural context. In J. C. Dunsmore (Ed.), Multicultural examination of parent's beliefs about children: Meaning, mechanisms, and methods. Symposium presented at the Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Atlanta, GA.

18.

Cowan, P. A. (1996). Meta-thoughts on the role of meta-emotion in children's development: Comment on Gottman et al. (1996). Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 277-283.

19.

Denham, S. A., Caal, S., Bassett, H. H., Benga, O., & Geangu, E. (2004). Listening to parents: Cultural variations in the meaning of emotion and emotion socialization. Cognitie Creier Comportament, 8, 321-350.

20.

Dix, T. (1991). The affective organization of parenting : Adaptive and maladaptative processes. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 3-25.

21.

Dix, T. (1993). Attributing dispositions to children: An interactional analysis of attribution in socialization. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 633-643.

22.

Dix, T., Gershoff, E. T., & Meunier, L. N. (2004). The affective structure of supportive parenting: Depressive symptoms, immediate emotions, and child-oriented motivation. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1212-1227.

23.

Dix, T., & Grusec, J. E. (1985). Parent attribution processes in socialization of children. In I. E. Sigel (Ed.), Parental belief systems (pp. 201-233). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

24.

Dix, T., Ruble, D. N., & Zambarano, R. J. (1989). Mothers' implicit theories of discipline: Child effects, parent effects, and the attribution process. Child Development, 60, 1373-1391.

25.

Dunsmore, J. C., & Halberstadt, A. G. (1997). How does family emotional expressiveness affect children's schemas? In K. C. Barrett (Ed.), The communication of emotion: Current research from diverse perspectives (pp. 45-68). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

26.

Dunsmore, J. C., Her, P., Halberstadt, A. G., & Perez-Rivera, M. B. (2009) Parents' beliefs about emotions and children's recognition of parents' emotions. Journal of Nonverval Behavior, 33, 121-140. doi: 10.1007/s10919-008-0066-6

27.

Dunsmore, J. C., & Karn, M. (2001). Mother's beliefs about feelings and children's emotional understanding. Early Education & Development, 12, 117-138.

28.

Eisenberg, N. (1996). Meta-emotion and socialization of emotion in the family-A topic whose time has come: Comment on Gottman et al. (1996). Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 269-276. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.10.3.269

29.

Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychologocal Inquiry, 9, 241-273.

30.

Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1994). Mother's reactions to children's negative emotions : Reactions to children's temperament and anger behavior. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40, 138-156.

31.

Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents' reactions to children's negative emotions : Reactions to children's social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227-2247.

32.

Fabes, R. A., Eisenberg, N., & Bernzwing, J. (1990). The coping with children's negative emotions scale: Procedures and scoring. unpublished manuscript, Arizona State University.

33.

Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300-319. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300

34.

Gottman, J. M., Katz, L., & Hooven, C. (1996). Parental meta-emotion philosophy and the emotional life of families: Theoretical models of preliminary data. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 243-268.

35.

Gottman, J. M., Katz, L., & Hooven, C. (1997). Meta-emotion: How families communicate emotionally. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

36.

Halberstadt, A. G., Cassidy, J., Shifter, C. A., Parke, R. D., & Fox, N. A. (1995). Self-expressiveness within the family context: Psychometric support for a new measure. Psychological Assessment, 7, 93-103.

37.

Halberstadt, A. G., Dunsmore, J. C., Parker, A. E., Beale, K. R., Thompson, J. A., & Bryant, A., Jr. (2007). Parent's beliefs about children's emotions. [In preparation].

38.

Halberstadt, A. G., Thompson, J. A., Parker, A. E., & Dunsmore, J. C. (2008). Parents' emotion-related beliefs and behabiors predict children's reactions to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Infant and Child Development, 17, 557-580. doi: 10.1002/icd.569

39.

Katz, L. F., Wilson, B., & Gottman, G. M. (1999) Meta-emotion philosophy and family adjustment: Making an emotional connection. In J. Brooks-Gunn & M. J. Cox (Eds.), Conflict and cohesion in families: Causes and consequences (pp. 131-165). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

40.

King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression : Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58,864-877.

41.

Kliewer, W., Fearnow, M. D., & Miller, P. A. (1996). Coping socialization in middle childhood: Tests of maternal and paternal influences. Child Development, 67, 2339-2357. doi: 10.2307/1131627

42.

Lozada, F. T. (2011). The Contribution of parents' beliefs about children's emotions to parents' emotion-related socialization behaviors. Master's Dissertation, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/7169

43.

McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V. (1985). The relationship between parental beliefs and children's cognitive level. In I. E. Sigel(Ed.), Parental belief system: The psychological consequences for children, 7-24.

44.

McGillicuddy-De Lisi, A. V., & Sigel, I. E. (1995). Parental beliefs. In M. H. Bornstein,(Ed). Handbook of Parenting. Vol. 3 (pp. 333-358). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

45.

Parker, A. E., Halberstadt, A. G., Dunsmore J. C., Townley, G. E., Bryant, A. Jr., Thompson, J. A., & Beale, K. S. (2012) "Emotions are a window into one's heart" : The qualitative analysis of parental beliefs about children's emotions across three ethnic groups. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 77(3), 1-144. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.2012.00676.x

46.

Rivera, M. B., & Dunsmore, J. C. (2011) Mothers' acculturation and beliefs about emotions, mother-child emotion discourse, and children's emotion understanding in latino families. Early Education and Development, 22(2), 324-354.

47.

Rudd, K. S. (Beale) (2006). The relationship between ethnicity, SES, and education on parental beliefs of manipulation, contempt, and privacy. Doctoral Dissertation, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/3028

48.

Stelter, R. L. (2007). The relationships between parental beliefs about children's emotions, and children's perceptions and behavior. Master's Dissertation, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/6230

49.

Wong, M. S., McElwain, N., & Halberstadt, A. G. (2009). Parent, family, and child characteristics as predictors of mother-and father-reported emotion socialization practices. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 452-463. doi: 10.1037/a0015552

logo