ISSN : 2093-3843
Recent studies have shown the beneficial effect of horizontal saccadic eye movement on the episodic memory retrieval. We tested whether the saccadic eye movement could enhance the retrieval of eyewitness memory. Seventy-eight participants watched staged-crime video and were asked to recall about the video. Horizontal saccadic eye movement task or central eye fixation task were performed, followed by free recall task. Participants in horizontal saccadic eye movement condition showed increased correct recall response compared fixation condition. These results suggest that saccadic eye movement could be helpful for enhancing eyewitness memory.
Fact-finding of criminal trials in Korea is not procedurally separated from sentencing. Evidences and information on sentencing factors are together presented to the fact-finders. This study was to see whether and how the victim's age, a sentencing factor, would influence the decision of guilty. And also the effect of participant's gender was examined. Participants read one of two scenarios in which either a 16 or 26 years old female victim alleged the defendant for rape. They individually rendered the verdict and responded to questionnaire items designed to measure the extent to which the participant blamed the defendant and the victim for the sexual incident. The results showed that the verdict was not influenced by the victim's age; and blameworthiness of the defendant mediated the effect of the participant's gender on the verdict. Further implications of these findings were discussed.
This study was attempted to make a more concrete understanding of the debate about ‘rape and fornication’ between men and women in sexual violence trials which is most controversial between men and women. In this research, we can see that there is a difference in sexual communication between men and women. For example, in the case of women wanting sexual behavior but refuse apparently, there was a tendency for men to think ‘manipulation for sexual leadership’, ‘concern of sexual reputation’ as it’s reasons, whereas, women considered ‘lacking of sexual interaction’, ‘prenatal purity consciousness’, ‘realistic problem’ as reasons. Also, women were more likely to think that ‘oppressive sex’ was the reason for being silent when not wanting sexual behavior. This implies that there can be mistakes or misunderstandings in sexual communication between men and women. On the other hand, four factors were extracted as a result of examining the reason why women was silent although she didn’t want it. The factors were ‘oppressive sex’, ‘considerate sex’, ‘computational sex’, ‘embarrassed sex’. These factors are similar to those classified as agreeable sex, altruistic sex, conforming sex, rape and else on the continuous line between rape and fornication presented by Bart (1983). In other words, ‘oppressive’ can be seen as ‘rape’, ‘considerate sex’ as ‘altruistic sex’ and ‘computational sex’ as ‘conforming sex’. However, in this study, it was not clearly verified that the most powerful explanatory variable was sex in recognizing sexual behavior between rape and fornication in previous research
The aim of this study is to measure the PTSD value for car accident offenders(N=274) that can be experienced after MVAs. This study is progressed to analysis of the degree of PTSD and degree for car accident offenders through criminal penalties and type of violations of traffic regulations using PCL-5(PTSD Checklist). In order to predict the PTSD of offenders multiple regression analysis was performed using demographic variables, car accident variables, traffic law violation related variables, criminal penalties related variables as independent variables, PTSD degree as dependent variables. As a result, the average PTSD of offenders was 21.48 points and the probable PTSD group accounted for 15.7% of the participants. There was no difference in the degree of PTSD among violations of traffic regulations, but the violation of pedestrian protection duty was the highest with 32.64 points. According to the type of criminal penalties, the degree of PTSD was significantly higher the case without sentenced criminal penalties than no criminal penalty. As a result of multiple regression analysis the predictors of the PTSD of the offenders were as follows: the severity of the physical damage of the victim, the type of criminal penalties, gender(female) and insurance to cover criminal penalty. And power of this regression model was 21.3%. Limitations of the current study and recommendations for future research are discussed.