ISSN : 1229-0718
The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of behavior problems among preschool children according to the sociodemographic factors in Korea. The CBCL 1.5-5 was administered to the 1,819 parents of preschool children (942 boys and 877 girls) aged between 2 to 6, some of them completed ASR for assessing caregiver's depression and C-TRF was also completed by child's teacher. The ANOVA result showed that externalizing, withdrawn, and total behavior problem score are significantly higher for boys than girls, and younger children showed more externalizing and sleep problem than older children. The parents of first-born or only child reported more problems in all problem scales, but there were no significant differences by teacher's report. Children with fathers of lower educational level showed more externalizing problems and children with lower mother's educational level showed higher externalizing, withdrawn, somatic complaints, and pervasive developmental problems. Perceived socio-economical status(SES) was negatively correlated with most problem scales, and children who don't live with their fathers showed more externalizing problems. Children of working mothers showed lower internalizing and pervasive developmental problems, however after controlling the mother's depression level, there were no significant differences. Stepwise multiple regression showed that birth order, mother's employment status, SES, mother's educational level, and age are significant sociodemographic factors affecting to the behavior problems of preschool children. Research implications and limitations are discussed.
김민아, 이재신 (2004). 어머니 특성 및 유아의 기질과 유아의 부적응행동과의 관계에 대한 연구. 아동교육연구, 24(5), 145-166.
김민정, 도현심 (2001). 부모의 양육행동, 부부갈등 및 아동의 형제자매관계와 아동의 공격성간의 관계. 아동학회지, 22(2), 149-166.
김영아, 이진, 김유진, 오경자 (2009). 한국판 C-TRF의 표준화 연구. 아동학회지, 심사중.
김재근 (1986). 맞벌이 가정 아동과 홀벌이 가정아동의 제 심리적 변인에 관한 비교연구. 연세대학교 교육대학원 석사학위 논문.
김혜진, 김영아, 이진, 오경자 (2009). 한국판 성인자기보고 척도(ASR)의 표준화 예비연구. 한국임상심리학회 춘계 학술대회.
양경수 (2002). 어머니의 취업유무와 아동의 자아개념이 행동문제에 미치는 영향. 한국아동교육학회, 11(2), 87-98.
오경자, 김영아 (2008). CBCL 1.5-5 한국판 유아행동평가척도 - 부모용. 서울: (주)휴노컨설팅.
원영미 (1990). 유아의 기질 및 그 관련변수와 유치원 아동의 적응과의 관계. 이화여자대학교 박사학위 논문.
윤주화, 이종희 (1999). 걸음마기 아동의 문제행동과 보육교사 어려움에 관한 연구. 아동학회지, 20(2), 171-186.
이경숙, 신의진, 전연진, 박진아 (2004). 한국 유아행동문제의 경향과 특성: 서울지역을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 17(4), 53-73.
이영숙, 서소정 (2006). 유아의 적응행동에 관한 연구. 대한가정학회지, 44(5), 143-155.
이찬숙, 김경윤 (2008). 유아의 내재화, 외현화 문제행동 관련 변인 분석. 미래유아교육학회지, 15(2), 161-184.
장영숙, 조정애 (2000). 교사가 지각한 유아의 문제행동과 유아의 성별, 연령, 기질 및 교사기질과의 관계. 미래유아교육학회지, 7(2), 97-119.
전연진, 정문자 (2003). 삼세대 가족관계 경험과 아동의 스트레스 대처행동이 아동의 행동문제에 미치는 영향. 대한가정학회지, 41(8), 139-158.
정현숙, 유계숙, 어주경, 전혜정, 박주희 (2002). 부모학. 서울: 신정출판사.
통계청 (2006). 대한민국 인구 및 주택 총조사.
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1981). Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children age four through sixteen. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 46, 1-82.
Achenbach, T. M., Howell, C. T., Quay, H. C., & Conners, C. K. (1991). National survey of problems and competencies among four to sixteen year olds: Parents' report for normative and clinical samples. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 56(3), 1-150.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for ASEBA Preschool Forms and Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Achenbach, T. M.., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). Manual for ASEBA Adult Forms and Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.
Bates, J. E., Maslin, C. A., & Frankel, K. A. (1985). Attachment security, mother-child interaction, and temperament as predictors of behavior problem ratings at age three years. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(Serial No. 209)
Brestan, E., & Eyberg, S. (1998). Effective psychosocial treatment of conduct-disorders children and adolescents: 29 years, 82 studies, and 5,272 kids. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 180-189.
Campbell, S. B. (1995). Behavior problems in preschool children: A review of recent research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 36, 113-149.
Campbell, S. B. (2002). Behavior problems in preschool children: Clinical and Developmental Issues. (2nd ed.) New York Guilford Press.
Campbell, S. B., & Ewing, L. J. (1990). Follow-up of hard-to-manage preschoolers: Adjustment at age 9 and predictors of continuing symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 871-889.
Conroy, M. A., & Brown, W. H. (2004). Early identification, prevention, and early intervention with young children at risk for emotional or behavioral disorders: Issues, trends and a call for action. Behavioral Disorders, 29(3), 224-236
Crowther, J. H., Bond, L. A., & Rolf, J. E. (1981). The incidence, prevalence and severity of behavior disorders among preschool-aged children in day care. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 9, 23-42.
Duncan, G. J., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Klebanov, P. K. (1994). Economic deprivation and early childhood development, Child Development, 65, 296-318
Eiden, R. D. (1999). Exposure to violence and behavior problems during early childhood. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 1299-1344.
Fagan, J. (1990). The intervention between child sex and temperament in predicting behavior problem of preschool-age child in daycare. Early child development and care, 59, 2-12
Fagan, J., & Iglesias, A. (2000). The relationship between father's and children's communication skills and children's behavior problems: A study of Head Start children, Early Education and Development, 11, 307-319.
Feil, E. G., Walker, H., Severson, H., & Ball, A. (2000). Proactive screening for emotional/behavioral concerns in Head Start preschools: Promising practices and challenges in applied research. Behavioral Disorders, 26, 13-25.
Gold, D., Andres, D., & Glorieux, J. (1979). The development if Francophone nursery school children with employed and unemployed mothers. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 11, 169-173.
Greenstein, T. N. (1993). Maternal employment and child behavioral outcomes. Journal of Family Issues, 14, 323-354.
Hester, P. P., Baltodano, H. M., Gable, R. A., Tonelson, S. W., & Hendrickson, J. M. (2003). Early intervention with children at risk of emotional/behavioral disorders: A critical examination of research methodology and practices. Education and Treatment of Children, 26, 362-381.
Kazdin, A. E. (1995). Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kazdin, A. E. (1998). Psychosocial treatment for conduct disorder in children. In P. E. Nathan & J. M. Gorman (Eds.) A guide to treatment that work (pp. 65-89). New York: Oxford University Press.
Keenan, K., Shaw, D., Delliquadri, E., Giovannelli, J., & Walsh, B. (1998). Evidence for the continuity of early problem behaviors: Application of a developmental model. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 441-454.
Klein, H. A. (1982). Relationship between children's temperament and adjustment to kindergarten and head start settings. Journal of Psychology, 112, 259-268.
Kopp, C. B. (1982). The antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18(2), 199-214.
Lavigne, J. V., Gibbons, R. D., Cristoffel, K. K., Arend, R., Rosenbaum, D., Binns, H., Dawson, N., Sobel, H., & Issacs, C. (1996). Prevalence rates and correlates of psychiatric disorders among preschool children. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 204-214.
McGee, R., Feehan, M., Williams, S., & Anderson, J. (1992). DSM-Ⅲ disorders from age 11 to age 15 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 31, 50-59.
Qi, C. H., & Kaiser, A. P. (2003). Behavior problems of preschool children from low-income families: Review of the literature. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 23, 188-216.
Reid, K., Littlefield, L., & Hammond, S. W. (2008). Early intervention for preschoolers with behaviour problems: Preliminary findings for the Exploring Together Preschool Problem. Australian e-Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health, 7, 1-15.
Runyan, D. K., Hunter, W. M., Socolar, R. R. S., Amaya-Jackson, L., English, D., Landsverk, J., Dubowitz, H., Browne, D. H., Bangdiwala, S. I., & Mathew, R. M. (1998). Children who prosper in unfavorable environments: The relationship to social capital. Pediatrics, 101, 12-18.
Sherlock, R. L., Synnes, A. R., & Koehoorn, M. (2008). Working mothers and early childhood outcomes: Lessons from the Canadian national longitudinal study on children and youth. Early Human Development, 4, 237-242.
Snow, M. E., Jacklin, C. N., & Maccoby, E. E. (1981). Birth-order differences in peer sociability at thirty-three months. Child Development, 52, 589-595.
Trembly. R. E., Nagin, D. S., Seguin, J. R., & Zoccolillo, M. (2004). Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors. Pediatrics, 114, 43-56.
Uljas, H., Rautava, P., Helenius, H., & Sillanpaa, M. (1999). Behaviour of Finnish 3-year-old children. Ⅰ: Effects of sociodemographic factors, mother's health, and pregnancy outcome. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41, 412-419.