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ISSN : 1229-0718
실행 기능의 개인차가 발달의 제반 영역에서 가지는 의미가 커지면서 아동기부터 실행 기능을 촉진할 수 있는 훈련에 대한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 발달의 여러 영역 중 실행 기능과 밀접한 연관을 보이고 있는 문장 처리 능력의 발달과 같은 언어 처리 능력의 영역에 관심을 두고, 보드 게임과 같이 디지털 기기를 사용하지 않는 훈련의 유형이 실행 기능을 촉진할 수 있는 지 살피고, 나아가 언어 처리 능력의 촉진에도 확장될 수 있는지 탐색하고자 하였다. 따라서 잦은 문장 처리 오류를 보이는 만 4-5세 아동을 대상으로 Flexible Item Selection Task(FIST)의 수행 원리를 반영하여 자체적으로 개발한 카드 게임을 약 4주에 걸쳐 8회기 동안 실시하고, 훈련 전후에 실행 기능의 다양한 요소와, 문장 처리 능력, 어휘력을 측정하는 과제를 실시하여 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 훈련 집단의 단기 훈련의 효과는 통제 집단에 비하여 작업 기억의 향상에서 주로 나타났고 의미 유창성 과제에서는 향상 경향성이 관찰되었다. 억제나 인지적 유연성과 같은 다른 영역 및 언어 처리 능력에서의 촉진 효과는 직접적으로 관찰되지 않아 단기간의 보드 게임 훈련이 지닌 촉진 효과는 다소 제한적이었으나 훈련과 검사 과제 유형이 달랐음에도 효과가 관찰되었다는 점에서 의미가 컸다.
Recently, training studies have increased to examine the effect of facilitating executive function(EF), which is known to be an important predictor of later development across various domains. The present study aimed to examine the effect of board-game based training on EF and whether it can also lead to the facilitation of language processing abilities among 4-5-year-olds who typically show sentence interpretation errors. By adopting the principles of the Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST), we developed a board-game that requires one-to-one interaction with an adult; we administered the program for 30 minutes per session for a total of 8 sessions. Comparing the training group with the waitlist control group, we observed significant improvement in working memory and an improvement trend in proactive control among children in the training group. The effect, which was observed on two cognitive factors, demonstrates that the current program is effective even when the type of tasks used during training and testing is not similar.
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