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ISSN : 1229-0718
타인에게 정보를 습득하고 세상에 대해 배워가는 아동에게 있어서 어떤 정보제공자를 더 신뢰할 수 있는지를 판단하는 선택적 신뢰의 능력은 매우 중요한 요소로 최근 2-30년간 많은 연구가 서구에서 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 상대적으로 문화 및 사회적 환경이 다른 한국에서 선택적 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 정보제공자의 특성을 별도로 규명한 연구는 거의 없었다. 본 연구에서는 한국 아동의 선택적 신뢰에서 중요하게 고려되는 정보제공자의 특성을 성별, 연령, 지위를 포함하여 포괄적이면서도 탐색적으로 살펴보고 기존의 서구 연구의 결과와 비교하여 검토해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 만 4-5세의 한국 아동들에게 정보제공자의 연령, 성별, 지위를 비교하는 사진을 제시하고 지식을 더 많이 보유했을 것으로 기대되는 사람과 실제로 새로운 물건의 이름에 대해 물어보고 싶은 사람을 선택하도록 하였다. 그 결과, 아동의 연령과 성별에 따라 선택 반응이 상이하게 나타났다. 4세는 지식 보유의 대상으로서 특정한 사람에 대한 유의한 선호를 보이지 않았으나 5세 아동은 아동보다는 성인을, 평범한 성인보다는 선생님의 지위를 가진 성인을 더 많이 선택하였다. 흥미롭게도 남아의 경우에는 연령과 무관하게 지위에 대한 선택적 신뢰를 보인 반면에 여아는 지위에 대한 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 한국의 사회문화적 상황에서 성장하는 아동들의 선택적 신뢰가 성별에 따라 상이하며 서구권의 연구와도 다를 수 있음을 시사한다.
The present study investigated the characteristics of informants that affect Korean children’s selection of a more reliable source of information with regard to age, gender, and status. Four and five-year-old children were presented with the pictures of two people contrasted in terms of their age, gender, or status. they were then asked who they expected to have more knowledge and which informant they would prefer to ask the name of a novel object. Overall, 5-year-olds selected adults over children, teachers over parents, showing that they consider age and status in their selective trust. By comparison, 4-year-olds were not affected by these characteristics in choosing a knowledgeable informant. Interestingly, while boys selected teachers as a reliable source over parents, girls’s selective trust was not affected by the status of the informant, suggesting that status is a characteristic that boys tend to consider at an earlier age. These results suggest that the informant’s characteristics may affect the development of selective trust differently according to the child’s age and gender, and that Korean children’s development of selective trust may not follow the same developmental pattern as children studied in the US or Europe.
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