Gender Differences in the Effects of Preschoolers' Age, Temperament and Parenting for Internalizing and Externalizing Problems
Abstract
In order to explore the impact of gender in the effects of age, temperament, and parenting on preschoolers' psychosocial problems, 339 preschoolers, 3-5 year old, were assessed using parent report measures of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, temperament, and parenting. The results of ANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses are as follows. First, the main effects of age and gender for externalizing problems and the interaction effect of age and gender for internalizing problems were significant. Second, the important predictors of preschoolers' internalizing and externalizing problems were different by gender. In boys, Novelty Seeking(NS), Harm Avoidance(HA), and hostile parenting significantly predicted both problems. In girls, NS, HA, and warm parenting significantly predicted both problems. In addition, girls were more strongly influenced by parenting whereas boys were more influenced by their temperaments. The results of this study highlight some important suggestions for prevention strategies for preschoolers' behavioral problems. The implications and limitations of this study were further discussed.
- keywords
- Internalizing Problems, Externalizing Problems, Temperament, Parenting Behaviors, Hierarchical Regression Analyses, 내재화 문제행동, 외현화 문제행동, 유아의 기질, 부모 양육행동, 위계적 회귀 분석
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