In order to explore the impact of gender in the effects of age, temperament, and parenting on preschoolers' psychosocial problems, 339 preschoolers, 3-5 year old, were assessed using parent report measures of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, temperament, and parenting. The results of ANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses are as follows. First, the main effects of age and gender for externalizing problems and the interaction effect of age and gender for internalizing problems were significant. Second, the important predictors of preschoolers' internalizing and externalizing problems were different by gender. In boys, Novelty Seeking(NS), Harm Avoidance(HA), and hostile parenting significantly predicted both problems. In girls, NS, HA, and warm parenting significantly predicted both problems. In addition, girls were more strongly influenced by parenting whereas boys were more influenced by their temperaments. The results of this study highlight some important suggestions for prevention strategies for preschoolers' behavioral problems. The implications and limitations of this study were further discussed.
This study examined the differences of psychosocial characteristics according to plastic surgery experience and satisfaction with the plastic surgery. Specifically we examined the dissimilarities between groups on self-esteem and perfectionism as a personality dimension, internalization of sociocultural value and body comparison as a sociocultural dimension, perception of teased experience as a experiential dimension, and body surveillance and body dissatisfaction as a body image dimension. Participants were recruited from the class in the University in Seoul and Kyungpook provinces and 309 women responded the questionnaires. We found the differences of self-esteem and perfectionism according to satisfaction with plastic surgery, and perfectionism is the most strongest predictor to group differences. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between perception of teasing experience and intention of plastic surgery were different according to plastic surgery experience and satisfaction with the plastic surgery. Implications for theory, research and practice were discussed.
The present study was conducted to explore the characteristics and affecting variables on peer relation problems among male and female adolescents. Total 3,145 middle school students in Busan area completed ABAS-S, the scale consisted of eleven problem behaviors of adolescents. Results showed that first, adolescents experienced problem of relationships with the opposite sex the most. There were also differences according to gender, in that male adolescents experienced problem of relationships with the opposite sex the most whereas female adolescents experienced problem of relationship skills the most. Second, peer relation problems were correlated with all other problem behaviors, especially with learning/attention problem. Third, 2-way ANONVA showed that criminal delinquency was affected by both the level of peer relation problems and gender of adolescents interactively. Last, regression analyses showed that all other problem behaviors had significant influence on peer relation problems, and learning/attention problem and career problems, especially, had the biggest influence.
This phenomenological study aimed to explore the experience of women who left their abusive husbands. Participants were 6 women who made an effort to cope with the domestic violence and seemed to have stopped the painful relationship with husbands. Data were collected by interviewing the 6 participants with semi-structured interview protocol to ask their experience of leaving husband-to-wife violence. Main themes, with 14 sub-themes, which emerged from the data were “keeping severing the violence with strength”, “self-exploring/ accepting/ understanding”, “strength gained/ lost by outer factors”, “reconstruction of intimate relationship”, and “lingering problems and new hopes.” Each sub-theme was described with related main themes. Discussion as to understanding and counseling the domestic violence survivors followed based on the result of this study.
The current study was conducted to explore the relations among college students' narcissistic personality, depression, and psychopathy. This study investigated how narcissistic personality and depression variables relate to psychopathy variables. For this purpose, an assessment battery consisting of Narcissistic Personality Inventory(NPI), Narcissistic Personality Disorder Scale: NPDS), BDI, Self-Reported Psychopathy Scale(SRPS), and Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised. PPI-R was administered to 1003 college students (501 males and 502 females). For comparison with the levels of pathological narcissism, the participants were devided two groups( above 33%, below 33% ) based on their scores of the NPDS, According to the results, males had more overt narcissistic personality, and females felt more depressive and psychopathic. The higher level group on the NPDS had higher scores on the NPI, BDI, SRPS and PPI-R. The students' narcissistic personality had relations to depression and psychopathy, but the results were different according to the kind of inventories(PPI-R or SRPS, NPI or NPDS). The implications and limitations of this study, as well as some suggestions for future research, were suggested.
The purpose of this study was to clarify the common factors and differences between Hwa-Byung and depressive disorder in women with breast cancer on the basis of having the type C personality in cancer patients. The 256 breast cancer patients were recruited and they were assessed on Hwa-Byung Scale, CES-D, psychosocial variables, cancer related variables, cancer related somatic symptoms and quality of life. As a result, 16.8% were classified as Hwa-Byung and 13.7% were classified as depressive disorder. Hwa-Byung symptom scale, Hwa-Byung personality scale and total score of Hwa-Byung showed significantly positive correlations. It showed no differences all kind of sociodemographic variables and cancer related factors among Hwa-Byung, depressive disorder, and comorbid group. Also there were no significant differences of psychosocial variables, cancer related variables, cancer related somatic symptoms and quality of life among three groups. The only exception was that Hwa-Byung group showed higher active coping behaviors than depressive disorder group. So it can be concluded that there were no critical variables to discriminate between Hwa-Byung and depressive disorder in breast cancer patients. Finally it was discussed the implications for the identification and psychosocial intervention of Hwa-Byung in breast cancer patients.