This study conducted two experiments using implicit association test (IAT) to explore the sex difference of implicit representation for gender category. In Experiment 1, the manipulated variable was the attribute preference of gender category. The difference of IAT score for the attribute preference was obtained between female participants and male participants. The IAT score of female participants was larger than for male participants. In Experiment 2, the manipulated variable was the attribute typicality of gender category. The difference of IAT score for attribute typicality revealed no sex difference. These results were discussed from a point of view of dynamic representation of gender category in implicit level.
This study conducted two experiments using implicit association test (IAT) to explore the sex difference of implicit representation for gender category. In Experiment 1, the manipulated variable was the attribute preference of gender category. The difference of IAT score for the attribute preference was obtained between female participants and male participants. The IAT score of female participants was larger than for male participants. In Experiment 2, the manipulated variable was the attribute typicality of gender category. The difference of IAT score for attribute typicality revealed no sex difference. These results were discussed from a point of view of dynamic representation of gender category in implicit level.
This study was to examine the effect of a preventive parenting education program for pregnant women who were at risk for maltreatment. This program is consisted of four parts; 1)education of infant development, 2)improvement of maternal sensitivity in interaction with children, 3)examination of mother's own attachment representation, and 4)establishment of social support to prevent negative effect to parenting. Risk pregnant women were screened by depression, anxiety, marital discord and psychological stress scores. Six women were enrolled in the parenting program which consisted of eight sessions(two hours weekly for 8weeks) of treatment sessions and five women were enrolled as the controls. The post-assessment was performed 6months after the child's birth. The scores of mother's working models of child and the maternal sensitivity were significantly higher in the educated group than the controls. The interaction scores of participant group was significantly higher than that of controls in developmental sensitivity and responsiveness, and lower in intrusiveness. However, there were no significant difference between the participant and control group in the Depression, Marital Adjustment and the Maternal Stress. Infants of participant group showed significantly higher developmental level in Bayley Scale compare to infants of control group. Finally, infants of participant group scored significantly higher in adjustment and attention in temperament scale than the control group. These results supported the effectiveness of the Parenting Education Program in preventing maltreatment and in improving secure attachment.
Many studies reported that the battered women killed their abuser because they tried to defend themselves. But the battered women's experiences has been not considered in out society. Because there many prejudices about the battered women, ethical criticism for killing spouse, and conservative judical system. It cause to sentence more a battered women who kill abuser than abuser who kill woman. In contrast the battered women syndrome and post traumatic stress disorder are used to defense the battered women who killed abuser. Jurors who were offered about the characteristics of wife battering and expert testimony judge more not guilty verdicts than jurors who were not. This study examined how factors in battered women's cases affect jurors's decision making. This study presented the mock jurors three types of scenarios. First scenario described the general case. Second scenario involved the adultery of the battered woman. The third scenario involved abuse history and severity of past abuse. Of the three manipulated variables, abuse history appeared to be more important for predicting not guilty verdicts. This means that when the past beating experiences are offered to mock jurors, they returned more not guilty. This finding propose change and improvement of judical system to investigate the abuse history in battered woman's case
This study examined the effects of public self-consciousness, internalization of sociocultural value, body surveillance, and body distortion on the intention of plastic surgery based on Sarwer et al. (1998)'s the model. Participants were recruited from the class in the University in Seoul, and 222 women responded the questionnaires. As a result of path analysis, (a) 6 paths except one path from public self-consciousness to body distortion were significant, (b) all four variables affect the intention of plastic surgery directly or indirectly. (c) and body distortion was the most influential variable of these. This study also examined the differences in four variables among (a) risk group for plastic surgery, those who took plastic surgery and the intention of plastic surgery were high, (b) normal group for plastic surgery, those who took plastic surgery and the intention of plastic surgery were low, and (c) contrast group, those who didn't take plastic surgery. The result showed that there were no differences in these variables between the risk group and the normal group for plastic surgery, and statistically significant differences were found in body surveillance, body distortion, and internalization of sociocultural value between the risk group and the normal group or between the risk group and the contrast group. In body distortion, there were the highest differences between groups. Theses results indicated that body distortion is the most significant variable among these four variables, and it is likely that the people who took plastic surgery is rather dissimilar than similar group.