This purpose of this study was to develop the vocational cards for female university students and to verify the effectiveness of the newly developed cards in terms of the enhancement of their career identity and career decision making. The first half of this study described the processes of developing a new set of vocational cards, such as organizing counseling committee, establishing the standards for vocation selection, analysing selected vocations, reviewing the appropriateness of the number of cards, determining design, and exemplifying how to utilize the cards in the field. The latter half of this study tried to explore the effectiveness of the newly developed vocational cards by applying the cards to 105 female university students and conducting questionnaire to the subjects. This study developed 119 occupational cards with the specific purpose of assisting female college students who are preparing for a career by helping them to find their vocational interest and aptitude, and search and decide their career or occupation by themselves. And, the analyses on the questionnaires showed that female college students were overall satisfied with vocational card sorting activity as well as the developed cards themselves. Feedbacks from the counselors who guided the vocational card sorting activities were positive. Lastly, the limitations of this study and the suggestions for the further research were also discussed.
Despite the widely known assumption that women's mood fluctuate across the menstrual cycle, the assumption has been poorly supported by empirical evidence, and the effect of the menstrual cycle on women's depressive symptoms remains controversial and unknown. One of the main reasons for the paucity of evidence is the lack of scientific research devoted to a systematic examination of this phenomenon in a representative community-based sample of women. The purpose of this study is to examine if women's depressive mood is associated with their menstrual cycles in a community-based sample that is systematically and randomly collected. Daily mood and symptom data and urine specimens data were derived from the Women's Wellness Study(WWS). 1,246 participants in the Midwestern United States between the ages of 13 to 55 who have menstruations were included in the analysis. After controlling for age, marital status, income, education, employment status, and oral contraceptive use, a linear mixed model analysis was used to analyze cyclic changes of depressive moods across the menstrual cycle. Statistically significant changes were found for women's depressive symptoms across the menstrual cycle, and the symptom level during the premenstrual (late luteal) phase was significantly higher than that of the postmenstrual phase. The findings suggest that there is a statistically significant depressive mood change across the menstrual cycle even though further studies need to investigate the clinical significance of this mood change. The results imply that information on the menstrual cycle needs to be considered for research and clinical purposes in promoting women's mental health when measuring women's mental health parameters. Assessments of women's mental health without considering menstrual cycle information may result in inappropriate diagnostic decisions.
The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for assessing marital perceptions. A 51 item marital perceptions scale was constructed on the basis of the results of a factor analysis of scores on 60 preliminary items (five items in each of 12 marital life areas). The factor analysis yielded five factors: commitment-unbalance perception. disregard perception, poor affection perception, religion-discord perception, incompetence perception. The internal consistency of the scale was comparatively high. Their correlation with the general marital dissatisfaction scale (sub-scale of the Korean Marital Satisfaction Inventory) was high except for the ‘religion-discordant spouses’ factor. And the ‘poor affection perception’ factor was negatively correlated with other factors, which suggested that the factor reflected other aspects of negative marital perceptions. Lastly the clinical implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with suggestion for future research.
This study searches what is needed for feminist counseling which is introduced to our country 30 years ago. As a way of exploring, the history of feminist counseling of the USA and that of Korea were analyzed comparatively. Feminist counseling of the USA has fourty years of history and that of Korea has thirty years of history. There is a commonality that feminist counseling started in the context of feminist movement. There are some differences: Professional counselors in the USA and activist counselors in Korea have led feminist counseling; In the USA professional counselors have done professional achievements but reaches the point where they ask themselves whether they keep the spirit of feminist movement which is the root of feminist counseling, but in Korea the spirit of feminist movement has kept but the need for professional counselors is not met because of the lack of them; There are curriculum on feminist counseling on the graduate level in the USA, but there is none in Korea. Through the comparative analysis establishing the educational institute for feminist counseling, developing the model for feminist counseling, insisting the feminist value , and preparing the working conditions of the counselors become the tasks of Korean feminist counselors.
The purpose of the current study was to examine homogeneous grouping of women in terms of social supports-from organization, supervisor and spouse-and three dimensions of multiple-role realistic attitude. Results from K-Means cluster analysis with a sample of married women with full time job(N=184) indicated the presence of four clusters. Four clusters showed significant differences in types of work-family conflict(time-based WFC/FWC, strain-based WFC/FWC). First, ‘family friendly organization-multiple-role realistic attitude’ was characterized by being the highest on multiple-role knowledge/certainty, and organizational and supervisory support. It scored the lowest on all types of WFC. Second, by contrast, ‘nonsocial support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ was the lowest on organizational and supervisory support, and very low on the spouse of instrumental support, and multiple-role knowledge/certainty except multiple-role commitment, and multiple-role involvement. It scored highest on all types of WFC. Third, ‘Spouse nonsocial support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ scored the lowest on instrumental/emotional support from spouse and multiple-role realistic attitude. It scored very high on the strain based WFC/FWC. Finally, ‘spouse social support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ scored the highest on spousal support, but realtively low on multiple-role realistic attitude and organizational support. It scored moderately high on the strain based WFC.