The present study investigated the vulnerability of married women on depression through their experiences of life stress and coping processes. A total of 591 women between the ages of 20 and 50 who were married with children were given a questionnaire which assess the following: the level of depressive symptoms(CES-D), the type and level of life stress, coping styles, perceived social support and self efficacy. The results showed: 1) The mean of CES-D was 17.87 and 23.0% were higher than 24 on CES-D. 2) More than a half of the sample reported stress about marital dispute, economic strains, aging and dissatisfaction with their appearances. 3) Ages of 40 and 50 reported more stress with their children than any other age group. 4) Employment, age, low level of SES and education and number of children were associated with the high level of stress. 5) The level of stress, coping style, perceived social support and self efficacy altogether explained the variances of concurrent depressive symptoms significantly. The results indicated the vulnerability of married women to depression and identified the psychosocial risk factors for depression of married woman.
The present study examined the need of training and development of entry level employed women from the perspective of organizational socialization. The lower job performance of female employees than males is more related to adaptation or sense-making problems rather than job knowledge and skills. therefore, training and development programs for female newcomers need to be designed to facilitate their adaptations in the new setting. In order to facilitate learning processes of female newcomers, the role of insiders is critical. they provide lots of informations and feedback for newcomers to interpret unfamiliar organizational cues. In particular, managerial styles of immediate supervisors tend to have strong impacts on the newcomer's performance. challenging first job and early job feedback provided by supervisor would influence the later job performance of female newcomers. Finally, the effect of women-only training program as compared to men & women combined program was discussed.
Recently, the number of female web users is increasing very rapidly, and understanding their consumer behavior on the cyber space becomes an important issue. The present study examines if there are gender differences in Novak, Hoffman and Yung's causal model of flow(1998) and Kim's model of the relationship between flow experience and purchase behavior on EC(1999). On-Line research is performed for approximately 1990 web users. The results of the analysis of covariance structure support both of the models for males as well as females, demonstrating that flow experience relates to purchase intention through EC. However, the path from 'involvement' variable to 'skill' variable is not significant, which is related to the discrepancies of computer-use career and ability between males and females. The theoretical as well as practical implications of these findinfs, the limitations of this study, and the direction of future research are discussed.
The present study tried 1) to identify the characteristics of personality of married women, comparing with the other people's reports and being analyzed by age, 2) to explore the factors of personality predicting subjective well-being of married women. A group of 370 married women answered on their own personality and subjective well-being, and 360 people reported on other married women's personality. In results, married women showed differences on personality of openness to experience, agreeableness, consciousness, and differences on subjective well-being of positive affect in relation to their age(20-30s vs. 40-50s). Other people's reports on married women's personality were, in general, more negative than those of married women. In addition, of among various socioeconomic variables, educational level, employment, income, marrital status were significant predictors of married women's subjective well-being. In last, showing significant relationship between personality factors and subjective well-being, neuroticism, openness to experience, consciousness, extraversion were significant predictors of the subjective well-being of married women.
This study was to conceptualize 'Adjumma' in Korea. Recently, there has been an argument about Adjumma in Korean society. This argument was included some negative and positive aspects of Adjumma-perspectives. The present study analyzed some programs which was broadcasted by TV media, and journals, literatures and collected data. In general, Adjumma group was impressed negatively compared one's own mother who is sometimes called 'Adjumma'. Adjumma was characterized as married, having children, some unique outer shape and behavior(e.g., hair style, wearing specific shoes and garments when she goes out for shopping, talkative etc), no social etiquette(e.g., social face), and specific age ranges(30-50's). However, there are some positive aspects of Adjumma in Korean society. Because, Adjumma is also our mother. For example, Adjumma was evaluated as warm and benevolent one for her children and husband, and has sacrificed herself for her family. Now, Ajumma group would like to improve her negative impression by others. She tries to get involved social activity and campaign for her community, education, and environment.
This study explored how stereotypes and social distance toward North Koreans and a personal cognitive style would influence prejudiced decision making about them. Compared to male respondents, female respondents reported much less willingness to marry North Koreans. The amount of their stereotype and feeling of distance were found to be useful predictors of such a decision. In case of male responders, they were more willing to marry North Koreans and personal cognitive style made more influence on their decision rather than the degree of stereotypes. At last, the implications of these results were discussed, based on various viewpoints of unification.