Despite the growing attention devoted to the topic of sexual harassment among lay people, little psychological study has emerged due to the lack of a commonly accepted definition and a reliable and valid instrumentation that could provide comparable results across studies. The present study was intend to identify the dimension of sexual harassment, surveying 485 men and 165 women working in major companies in Seoul, Korea. It was found that sexual harassment is divided into three categories; verbal harassment, relation-request harassment, and physical/environmental harassment.
The purpose of this study is to examine feminist views of counselors with a focus on Korea Women's Hot Line(KWHL). The subject of the study is 99 KWKL counselors and their feminist views are surveyed by the Korean Gender Egalitarianism Scale(KGES) and the Feminist Identity Development Scale(FIDS). The results are as follows. First, they show almost the same scores as those from women's movement activists in the KGES. Second, their feminist identity has developed to the highest level of 'commitment', and it is followed by the level of 'revelation', 'embeddedness', and acceptance' in the FIDS. Third, the counselors in their thirties show lower scores in the 'acceptance' level than those in their forties. Fourth, the higher their educational background is, the higher their gender egalitarianism is. Finally, full-time counselors show more developed sense of gender egalitarianism and advanced feminist identity compared with those from volunteers. These results are discussed in connection with the practice of feminist counseling in Korea which has its limitations, and its tasks in the future.
The present study tried to identify 1) if the six factors of psychological well-being suggested in Western cultures were similar in Korean culture, 2) the relationship between PWB and SWB, 3) how the relationship between PWB and SWB was different according to age. A sample of 471 married women completed a questionnaire survey. Results showed that first, as suggested in previous studies, six-factor model was the best-fitting model in explaining PWB. Second, although both Self Acceptance and Environmental Mastery showed the highest correlation with all three factors of SWB as in the previous studies, Positive Relations With Others, the factor that was not important in the studies in Western culture, was also important in explaining SWB. Third, along with the increase of age, participants' PWB as well as SWB decreased. Also, Self Acceptance of PWB was important factor for younger groups' SWB whereas Self Acceptance as well as Purpose in Life and Positive Relations with Others were important factors for older groups' SWB. Finally, results revealed in the present study were compared with previous results and limitations of the study were discussed.
The purpose of this dissertation is to positively analyze the relationship between dual-earner couples' role-conflict and psychological distress on the supposition that the one evokes the other, to make an analysis of the effects of dual-earner couples' sex-role identity on the relationship, and to grasp the different aspects between the couple caused by the relationship. Two hundred and sixty-five couples, who teach at elementary, middle and high schools located in Kwangju City and Chollanam-do, took part in the study, and SPSS was employed to analyze the data. According to the results of this study, dual-earner couples are strongly influenced upon psychological distress due to the conflicts caused by performing both family-roles and job-roles at the same time, and there is almost no difference between men and women in the effect of role-conflicts upon psychological distress. The methods of intervention should be based on the interaction of multi-role conflicts and moderating factors. There were differences between husbands and wives in the moderating effects. The wives with distinctive femininity experienced less depression and anxiety by lessening their job-role conflicts. It suggests that in Korea, where traditional sex-roles based on a patriarchal system affect job-roles in general, emotional, expressive, empathetic, mild, tender, and cooperative women with high femininity will go through fewer conflicts and make easier adaptations to their lives.
This short-form cross-sectional sequential study investigated the development of masculinity and femininity during elementary school period. In 1996, Ss were 370 third an sixth graders in lower middle class. In 1998, 394 fifth and sixth graders were sampled in the same school. All subjects completed The Children's Sex Role Inventory. Analyses showed significant higher masculinity in grade 3 boys(in 1996) and grade 5 boys(in 1998) than grade 6 boys(in 1998). However, significant higher femininity was noted in grade 3 girls(1996) and grade 6 girls(1996) than grade 5 girls(in 1998). The results suggested that no significant change occurred in boys' masculinity from grade 3 to grade 5, while significant decrease occurred from grade 3 to 5 in girls' femininity. Gender-role developmental traits may need to be investigated by longitudinal sequential design has been discussed.
In this study, we intended to understand the factor structure of the items about gender stereotypes-what we called 'complex'. We intended to understand the discrepancy between the gender difference based on factor structure and the response to oneself, and to grasp the relevance to gender-egalitarianism in this study. For the purpose, we have examined 361 male and 190 female students on gender egalitarianism scale and the items written or conceptualized on 'The male's 7 complex' and 'The female's 7 complex' through two times testings. We have extracted 7 factors from males and females each, but this result differs from existing 7 complex in structure. In males' factors from that testing, males appear to be more conservative than females in gender difference, and to be more and more conservative to themselves. But in the consciousness of comparison with female, they seem to be more open-minded to themselves. In females' factors, most females appear to be more open-minded than males, but they are inconsistent in the response to themselves. Excluding the dependence of males upon their wives and the consciousness of comparison with females, each factor has a great relevance to gender-egalitarianism.
This paper focuses on female characters' sex consciousness and expression of affection for male characters described in the novels written by eight Korean female writers who worked mainly during 1920-1930, and during 1980-1990. Before that, this paper briefly studies the female characters' sex consciousness and expression of affection for men pictured in the poems written by six classic female poets in the context of the writers' real lives. In result, there have been roughly two different types of women regardless of difference of time, one is independent in sex consciousness and positive in expression of affection for men, on the contrary the other is quite dependent in sex consciousness and passive in expression of love for other sex. This shows that although equal rights of both sexes have been almost guaranteed through many times of legal development, women in Korea are still living in the society of patriarch nowadays.