Validity of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the validity and reliability of Condon 's Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale(MAAS) to measure maternal fetal attachment. The subjects of this study were 854 pregnant women who participated in the education of pregnant women in Seoul and Gyeonggi. The collected data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS 23.0 and M-plus 7, and the factor structure, reliability, and validity were analyzed. The results of exploratory factor analysis of 401 pregnant women revealed that 15 items were composed of two factor structure(attachment quality, attachment intensity). The final 15 items were found to be good correlations between items and the reliability coefficient was .82. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis of 453 pregnant women showed that the two factor model and the item composition were found to be appropriate. Validity analysis showed that adult attachment and prenatal anxiety, prenatal depression, MFAS and MAAS had significant correlations, so criterion validity and concurrent validity were verified. Based on the results of this study, we discussed the application of the MAAS scale and implications for future research.
- keywords
- 태아태착척도, 타당화, 임산부, Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale, validity, pregnant women
Reference
강수경, 정미라 (2012). 임산부의 스트레스 및 기질과 태아애착의 관계. 한국생활과학회지, 21(2), 213-223.
강수경, 정미라, 최지현 (2016). 임산부의 외향성과 신경증, 부부친밀감과 스트레스, 태아애착 간의 구조적 관계. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 21(1), 19-39.
권미경, 방경숙 (2011). 임신 중 스트레스, 우울과 모-태아 애착 및 태아체중의 상관관계. 한국간호과학회지, 41(2), 276-283.
권미경 (2007). 임신 중 우울과 모-태아상호작용. 아동간호학회지, 13(4), 416-426.
고명숙 (1988). 임산부가 지각한 배우자의 지지행위와 태아애착행위에 관한 연구. 전남대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
김광은 (2005) 성인 애착 유형에 따른 결혼만족도 및 부부 갈등 대처 전략. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(3), 707-734.
김미옥 (2014) 불임 치료 임산부의 스트레스, 우울 및 태아애착. 여성건강간호학회지, 20(2), 163-172.
김명식, 이경숙, 신의진 (2011). 태아애착과 산후 우울증과의 관계. 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집, 2011(1), 192-192.
김명식 (2015). 태아애착과 산후우울. 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집, 2015(8) 196-196.
김성현 (2004). 친밀 관계 경험 검사 개정판 타당화 연구: 확증적 요인분석과 문항 반응이론을 중심으로. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
김영일 (2006). 성인애착과 결혼만족의 관계에서자아분화의 조절효과. 충북대학교 대학원석사학위논문.
김현옥 (1991). 임산부의 태아애착행위에 관한연구. 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
남수경, 김장회 (2015). 애착연구의 양육자 변인에 관한 국내 연구 동향. 재활심리연구, 22(1), 131-149
박미경, 이영숙 (1999). 임산부의 스트레스생활사건과 태아애착행위, 출산변인과의 관계연구. 한국모자보건학회지, 3(1), 47-61.
백현정 (2009). 임산부의 모애착과 태아애착의관계에서 배우자지지 지각과 정서상태의 매개효과. 홍익대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
유 미, 김미옥 (2014). 태아애착에의 영향요인. 한국아동간호학회, 20(4), 247-254.
이경숙, 김진하, 홍수종, 장형윤, 신의진, 김명식 (2013). 태아애착 척도(MFAS)의 타당화연구. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 26(4), 81-91.
위휘, 박소연 (2012). 임부의 불안, 우울, 산전스트레스와 모-태아애착 및 감사성향의관계. 한국모자보건학회지, 16(2), 274-286.
정미라, 강수경, 이혜진 (2012). 임신기 부부의부부관계 질과 태아애착의 관계. 대한가정학회지, 50(4), 51-61.
정영숙 (2004). 임부의 내적 작동모델에 따른 산전애착과 친모와의 관계 및 배우자와의관계. 여성건강간호학회지, 10(3), 210-217.
한귀원, 김명정, 박제민 (2004). 한국어판 에딘버러 산후우울 척도: 신뢰도와 타당도. 생물치료정신의학, 10(2), 201-207.
Alhusen, J. L. (2008). A literature update on maternal‐fetal attachment. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 37(3), 315-328.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss, vol. 1:Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Condon, J, T. (1985). The parental-foetal relationship - A comparison of male and female expectant parents. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4(4), 271-284.
Condon, J. T. (1993). The assessment of antenatal emotional attachment: development of a questionnaire instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 66(2), 167-183.
Condon, J. T., & Corkindale, C. (1997). The correlates of antenatal attachment in pregnant women. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 70(4), 359-372.
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782-786.
Cranley, M. S. (1981). Development of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy. Nursing Research, 30(5), 281-284.
Crocker, L, & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to modern and classical test theory. Harcourt Fort Worth, TX: Brace Jovanovich.
Doan, H. M., Cox, N. L. M., & Zimerman, A. M. (2003). The maternal fetal attachment scale: some methodological ponderings. Journal of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health, 18(2), 167.
Ebel, R. L., & Prisbie, D. A. (1979). Essentials of educational management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
Feldman, J. B. (2007). The effect of support expectations on prenatal attachment: And evidence-based approach for intervention in an adolescent population. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal. 24(3), 209-234.
Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. G. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford Press.
Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 286-299.
Gloger-Tippelt, G. (1983). A process model of the pregnancy course. Human Development, 26(3), 134-148.
Hayton, J. C., Allen, D. G., & Scarpello, V. (2004). Factor retention decisions in exploratory factor analysis: A tutorial on parallel analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 7(2), 191-205.
Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179-185.
Kim, H. S. (1990). Patterning of parent-fetal attachment during the experience of guided imagery:An experimental of Martha Rogers human-environment integrality. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, New York.
Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London: Routledge.
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford publications.
Lawson, K. L., & Turriff-Jonasson, S. I. (2006). Maternal serum screening and psychosocial attachment to pregnancy. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(4), 371-378.
Mako, H. S., & Deak, A. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Hungarian version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale. Int J Gynecol Obstetrical Res, 1(2), 33-44.
Mikulincer, M., & Florian, V. (1999). Maternal-fetal bonding, coping strategies, and mental health during pregnancy-the contribution of attachment style. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18(3), 225-276.
Müller, M. E. (1993). Development of the prenatal attachment inventory. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 15(2), 199-215.
Mercer, R. T., & Walker, L. O. (2006). A review of nursing interventions to foster becoming a mother. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, &Neonatal Nursing, 35(5), 568-582.
Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. New York, N. T.: McGraw-Hill.
Osborne, J. W., & Costello, A. B. (2009). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Pan-Pacific Management Review, 12(2), 131-146.
Peluso, P. R., Peluso, J. P., White, J. F., & Kern, R. M. (2004). A comparison of attachment theory and individual psychology: A review of the literature. Journal of Counseling &Development, 82(2), 139-145.
Pollock, P. H., & Percy, A. (1999). Maternal antenatal attachment style and potential fetal abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(12), 1345-1357.
Righetti, P. L., Dell'Avanzo, M., Grigio, M., & Nicolini, U. (2005). Maternal/paternal antenatal attachment and fourth‐dimensional ultrasound technique: A preliminary report. British Journal of Psychology, 96(1), 129-137.
Rubin, R. (1977). Binding-in in the postpartum period. Maternal-Child Nursing Journal, 6(2), 67-75.
Schore, A. N. (2001). Effect of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect reguration, and infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 22(2), 7-66.
Shieh, C., Kravitz, M., & Wang, H. H. (2001). What do we know about maternal-fetal attachment?. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 17(9), 448-454.
Steiger, J. H., & Lind, J. C. (1980, May). Statistically based tests for the number of common factors. In annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City, IA, 758, 424-453.
Ustunsoz, A., Guvenc, G., Akyuz, A., & Oflaz, F. (2010). Comparison of maternal–and paternal-fetal attachment in Turkish couples. Midwifery, 26(2), 1-9.
Van Bussel, J. C., Spitz, B., & Demyttenaere, K. (2010). Reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 13(3), 267-277.
Wilson, M. E., White, M. A., Cobb, B., Curry, R., Greene, D., & Popovich, D. (2000). Family dynamics, parental‐fetal attachment and infant temperament. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(1), 204-210.
Wadhwa, P. D., Sandman, C. A., Porto, M., Dunkel-Schetter, C., & Garite, T. J. (1993). The association between prenatal stress and infant birth weight and gestational age at birth: a prospective investigation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 169(4), 858-865.
Yarcheski, A., Mahon, N. E., Yarcheski, T. J., Hanks, M. M., & Cannella, B. L. (2009). A meta-analytic study of predictors of maternal-fetal attachment. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(5), 708-715.
Golbasi, Z., Ucar, T., & Tugut, N. (2015). Validity and reliability of the turkish version of the maternal anternatal attachment scale. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 12(2), 154-161.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations