ISSN : 1229-0718
The present studies examined the effects of domain-specific knowledge about physical object, anomals and facial expressions on the appearance-reality distinction. Experiment 1 assessed the ability of 3-, 5-, 7-, 9-year olds to distinguish between the real and apparent identities of illusory stimuli. Three domains of stimuli were used: physical objects, animals and facial expressions. Three- and 5-year-olds could not distinguish the real and apparent identities of illusory stimuli. The distinctions of the real and apparent identities of the animals and facial expressions were more diffcult than those of the physical object; even 7-year-olds cuold not distinguish the real and apparent facial expression. In Experment 2, children were presented with stories about the transformations of apparences performed upon the physical objects, animals and facial epressions of emotional states, and then were asked to distinguish the real versus apparent identities of them. Three- and 5-year-olds did not understand that the transformations of appearance did not change the real identities of animals and emotional states, and thus could not distinguish the real and apparent identities. In contrast, 7- and 9-year-olds distinguished and identified the real and apparent identities of three domains of stimuli. The present results suggests that the development of the appearance-reality distinctions is a domain specific development, which occurs at different times for different domains.
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