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ISSN : 1229-0718
본 연구는 아동들이 몇 세부터 정보 원천 표현(예, -나봐, -대)에 따라 정보의 확실성이 달라지는 것을 이해하는지 조사하였다. 실험에서 어떤 도둑사건에 대한 두 명의 진술을 각각 듣고, 3-6세 아동과 성인들이 두 진술 중 보다 확실한 것을 고르도록 하였다. 이 진술들의 확실성은 정보 원천 표현에 따라 달라지도록 하였다(예, 사다리를 타고 들어왔대/줄을 타고 들어왔어). 실험 결과, 6세 미만의 아동들은 ‘것 같다’, ‘나봐’, ‘대’가 ‘어/아’에 비해 불확실한 정보를 제공해 준다는 것을 유의미하게 구분하지 못하였으나 6세 아동의 경우는 어린 아동들에 비해 이를 잘 구분하였다. 그러나 6세의 수행도 아직 성인 수준에는 미치지 못하였다. 그러나 정보 원천 표현이 형태소가 아니라 단어였을 경우(보다, 듣다), 3세 아동들도 정보 확실성 판단을 더 잘 하는 것으로 나타나 기존의 영어 습득 자료와 대조적인 결과를 제시하였다. 또한, 전반적인 아동들의 수행 수준은 함께 측정한 정보 원천 탐지 능력과 정적 상관을 보여 이러한 인지 능력의 발달이 정보 원천 표현의 이해와 사용 발달에 관련되어 있음을 시사하였다.
Evidentials refer to a set of expressions that mark the source of information or knowledge (e.g., direct observation, hearsay or inference), and inform about certainty of the conveyed information or knowledge. The present study examined when Korean children begin to understand the relationship between information source marking and its related information certainty. In a detective game task, 3-6-year-old Korean-speaking children and adults were asked to determine whose information is more reliable between the two statements reported about a theft that occurred in a store. The results showed that it is not until 6 years of age that children begin to grasp the relationship between information source marking and information certainty. However, Korean children showed superior performance when the sources were marked by lexical items (e.g., hear vs. see) than the grammaticalized items (e.g., sentence-ending morphemes). These results were in striking contrast with 5-year-old English-learning children who completely failed to do so in a similar task. Furthermore, the child's performance was correlated with their source monitoring ability as well as working memory span, indicating that these cognitive abilities may underlie the development of evidentials.
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