ISSN : 1229-0718
본 연구는 친사회적 행동의 동기에 따라 감정이 달라질 수 있음을 이해하는 능력의 발달을 알아보고자 하였다. 한국 성인(실험 1)과 한국 아동 만 5, 6세(실험 2)에게 양보 행동을 하는 행위자의 바람이 충족 또는 비충족 되는지(공을 양보한 뒤 자신도 가지고 놀 수 있게 되는지 또는 상대방만 가지고 놀게 되는지)와 그러한 양보 행동의 동기가 내적 또는 외적인 동기에 의해 이루어지는지(자신 스스로 양보하는지와 엄마가 시켜서 양보하는지)에 따라 달라지는 여러 이야기를 들려준 후 행위자의 감정이 어떨지(좋은지, 나쁜지, 그저 그런지)에 대해 추론하게 하였다. 성인, 아동 모두 행위자의 바람이 충족되지 않았을 때보다 바람이 충족되었을 때 더 긍정적인 감정을 느낀다고 추론하였고, 타의로 양보하였을 때보다 자의로 양보하였을 때 더 긍정적인 정서를 보고하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 만 5, 6세 아동들도 자신의 바람 충족 여부뿐만이 아닌 친사회적 행동의 동기에 따라 정서가 영향을 받을 수 있음을 이해하고 있다는 것을 보여준다.
The present study examined whether adults and children can understand that the motivation (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) of prosocial behaviors can influence others’ emotions. Korean adults(Experiment 1) and 5- to 6-year-old children(Experiment 2) were asked to indicate the protagonist's emotions after listening to a series of stories. The stories varied on (1) whether or not the protagonist's desire was fulfilled after sharing his or her desired object and (2) whether his or her prosocial behavior had intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. Both adults and children reasoned that the protagonist would feel better when his/her desire was fulfilled than when his/her desire was not fulfilled. In addition, both adults and children reasoned that the protagonist would feel better when he or she shared the desired object with others voluntarily(intrinsic motivation) than involuntarily (extrinsic motivation). The results demonstrate children's understanding that others' emotions can be affected by the motivations of prosocial behaviors.
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