open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 1229-0718
The current study investigated whether predicting others’ emotions affects 4-year-olds’ sharing behavior during dictator games. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to allocate 10 stickers between themselves and a monkey puppet shown in a photo. Children in the experimental condition, but not those in the control condition, were told that the monkey would draw a picture of how he felt about the amount of stickers he received. Children in the experimental condition allocated significantly more stickers to the recipient than did those in the control condition, suggesting that an understanding of others’ emotions promoted altruistic distribution. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the presence of the recipient in the setting would affect children’s distribution of resources. The procedure was identical to that of Experiment 1 except that participants were asked to give stickers to a monkey puppet in a face-to-face setting. In Experiment 2, children in both conditions donated stickers about equally between themselves and the monkey puppet, which resembled results of the experimental condition from Experiment 1. These results suggest that considering others’ emotions as well as an awareness of another’s presence promotes children’s fair distribution.
권주현, 박영신 (2013). 마음의 이해와 공감이독재자 게임에 나타난 아동의 친사회적행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 26(3), 117-138.
김경미, 김혜리, 정명숙, 양혜영, 구재선 (2008). 인지발달: 유치원 아동의 마음이론과 사회적 능력의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21(3), 21-39.
김혜리, 정명숙, 손정우, 박 민, 엄진섭, 문은옥 등 (2013). 아동의 인지적․정서적 공감 능력과 사회적 행동 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 26(1), 255-275.
박영신 (2007). 유아들의 복사물체의 상징적기능에 대한 이해. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 20(2), 39-57.
박지숙, 박영신 (2013). 독재자 게임으로 살펴본 아동의 이타적 행동의 발달, 성차와조망수용의 역할. 사회과학 담론과 정책, 6(1), 167-186.
유 경, 민경환 (2003). 학령 전기 아동의 정서이해의 발달: 정서 원인과 정서 조절에 대한 이해. 심리과학, 12(2), 13-29.
원정애, 송현주 (2009). 타인의 감정, 바람, 친사회적 행동에 대한 한국 아동의 이해. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 22(4), 57-71.
Barclay, L. J., Skarlicki, D. P., & Pugh, S. D. (2005). Exploring the role of emotions in injustice perceptions and retaliation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 629-643.
Batson, C. D. (2010). Empathy-induced altruistic motivation. Prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior: The better angels of our nature, 15-34.
Batson, C. D., Duncan, B. D., Ackerman, P., Buckley, T., & Birch, K. (1981). Is empathic emotion a source of altruistic motivation? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(2), 290-302.
Benenson, J. F., Pascoe, J., & Radmore, N. (2007). Children's altruistic behavior in the dictator game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(3), 168-175.
Blake, P. R., & Rand, D. G. (2010). Currency value moderates equity preference among young children. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31(3), 210-218.
Camerer, C. F., & Fehr, E. (2004). Measuring social norms and preferences using experimental games: A guide for social scientists. In J. Henrich, R. Boyd, S. Bowles, C. Camerer, E. Fehr, & H. Gintis (Eds.), Foundations of human sociality: economic experiments and ethnographic evidence from fifteen small-scale societies (pp.55-95). New York:Oxford University Press.
Castelli, I., Massaro, D., Sanfey, A. G., & Marchetti, A. (2010). Fairness and intentionality in children’s decision-making. International Review of Economics, 57(3), 269-288.
DeLoache, J. S. (1987). Rapid change in the symbolic functioning of very young children. Science, 238(4833), 1556-1557.
Denham, S. A. (1986). Social cognition, prosocial behavior, and emotion in preschoolers:Contextual validation. Child Development, 57(1), 194-201.
Denham, S. A., & Zoller, D. (1991). “When my hamster died, I cried”: Preschoolers'attributions of the causes of emotions. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 152(3), 371-373.
Dennis, T. A., & Kelemen, D. A. (2009). Preschool children's views on emotion regulation: Functional associations and implications for social-emotional adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33(3), 243-252.
Dunn, J., Brown, J., Slomkowski, C., Tesla, C., & Youngblade, L. (1991). Young children's understanding of other people's feelings and beliefs: Individual differences and their antecedents. Child Development, 62(6), 1352-1366.
Edele, A., Dziobek, I., & Keller, M. (2013). Explaining altruistic sharing in the dictator game: The role of affective empathy, cognitive empathy, and justice sensitivity. Learning and Individual Differences, 24, 96-102.
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1990). Empathy:Conceptualization, measurement, and relation to prosocial behavior. Motivation and Emotion, 14(2), 131-149.
Ellingsen, T., & Johannesson, M. (2008). Anticipated verbal feedback induces altruistic behavior. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(2), 100-105.
Fehr, E., Bernhard, H., & Rockenbach, B. (2008). Egalitarianism in young children. Nature, 454(7208), 1079-1083.
Fehr, E., & Fischbacher, U. (2003). The nature of human altruism. Nature, 425(6960), 785-791.
Fehr, E., & Gächter, S. (2002). Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature, 415(6868), 137-140.
Fehr, E., & Henrich, J. (2003). Is strong reciprocity a maladaptation? In P. Hammerstein(Ed.), Genetic and cultural evolution of cooperation (pp.55-82). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gummerum, M., Hanoch, Y., & Keller, M. (2008). When child development meets economic game theory: An interdisciplinary approach to investigating social development. Human Development, 51(4), 235-261.
Gummerum, M., Hanoch, Y., Keller, M., Parsons, K., & Hummel, A. (2010). Preschoolers’allocations in the dictator game: The role of moral emotions. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1), 25-34.
Gummerum, M., Keller, M., Takezawa, M., & Mata, J. (2008). To give or not to give:Children’s and adolescents’ sharing and moral negotiations in economic decision situations. Child Development, 79(3), 562-576.
Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. (2005). Nobody's watching?: Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human behavior, 26(3), 245-256.
Harbaugh, W. T., & Krause, K. (2000). Children's altruism in public good and dictator experiments. Economic Inquiry, 38(1), 95-109.
Harbaugh, W. T., Krause, K., & Liday, S. G. (2003). Bargaining by children. University of Oregon Economics Working Paper No. 2002-4.
Lane, I. M., & Coon, R. C. (1972). Reward allocation in preschool children. Child Development, 43(4), 1382-1389.
Pons, F., Harris, P. L., & de Rosnay, M. (2004). Emotion comprehension between 3 and 11years: Developmental periods and hierarchical organization. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1(2), 127-152.
Stein, N., & Levine, L. J. (1999). The early emergence of emotional understanding and appraisal: Implications for theories of development. In T. Dalgleish, & M. J. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp.383-408). New York: Wiley.
Takagishi, H., Kameshima, S., Schug, J., Koizumi, M., & Yamagishi, T. (2010). Theory of mind enhances preference for fairness. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 105(1), 130-137.
Xiao, E., & Houser, D. (2009). Avoiding the sharp tongue: Anticipated written messages promote fair economic exchange. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 393-404.