바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

메뉴

Developmental patterns, childcare environment, and clinical characteristics of children aged two to three years with developmental delay

Abstract

This study examined the variables of birth history, physical diseases, motor development, language development, social development, and childcare environment, and the clinical characteristics of young children aged 2-3 years with developmental delay, by comparing them to typically developing children. The comparison revealed that higher rates of unexpected pregnancy and physical diseases were found among the children with developmental delay than among the typically developing children. The children with developmental delay were slower in achieving one-word utterances and independent walking, had less stranger anxiety, and showed intermittent eye contact. Mothers of the children with developmental delay had higher levels of depression and anxiety than mothers of thetypically developing children and reported negligent childcare (25%) due to their mental health problems, lack of childcare knowledge and skills (19%), and excessive exposure to digital media (19%). Regarding the clinical characteristics of the children with developmental delay, the biggest problem reported by mothers was delayed language development (55%), followed by a low number of interactions (40%) and overall developmental delay (29%). Problems accompanying developmental delay included child-parent relationships (54%) and control (40%). The level of sensory processing disorder stood at 21.6-62.2% depending on the sensory area with under-responsiveness being prominent among children aged under 36 months. For emotional and behavioral problems, children aged under 36 months with developmental delay showed less peer aggression, and more depression/withdrawal and negative emotions, than thetypically developing children. Children aged 36 months or older with developmental delay showed more problems of hyperactivity, withdrawal, and attention, and other atypical problems, than their counterparts.

keywords
Submission Date
2016-04-15
Revised Date
2016-05-26
Accepted Date
2016-05-31

Reference

1.

국립특수교육원 (2015). 2014 특수교육실태조사. 국립특수교육원

2.

권도하, 이명순, 신후남, 신혜정, 정분선, 전희숙, 김효정, 고영옥, 곽미영, 최선영, 황하정 (2011). 언어발달. 서울: 박학사.

3.

김송이, 최혜영 (2007). 자녀의 정서성과 남편의 부모역할 지지에 따른 어머니의 양육스트레스, 양육행동 및 유아의 사회적 유능성, 대한가정학회, 45(8), 1-11.

4.

김지선, 김태현, 최윤정, 한윤교, 정한영 (2005). 발달지연 아동의 인지발달과 운동발달의양태분석. 한국전문물리치료학회지, 12(3), 31-38.

5.

박진아, 신유림, 이미라 (2013). 데이터 마이닝기법을 활용한 생후 초기 발달 고위험군영아에 대한 위험요인 및 보호요인 탐색. 한국유아교육학회, 33(1), 31-46.

6.

송명자 (1995). 발달심리학, 서울: 학지사

7.

유현숙, 고선옥 (2009). 어머니의 분리불안과양육행동이 자녀의 어린이집 적응에 미치는 영향. 아동복지연구, 7(2), 17-34.

8.

윤지향, 정인숙 (2013). 산후우울증 관련 요인: 전향적 코호트 연구. 대한간호학회지, 43(2), 225-235.

9.

윤지현, 송종근, 송동호, 김영기, 김성우, 정희정 (2005). 발달지연 환아의 진단적 접근과 원인분석. 대한소아신경학회지, 13(2), 232-242.

10.

이경숙, 정석진 (2011). 국내 0-3세 영유아 임상 사례 특성 분석. 연차학술발표대회 논문집 2011. 273-273.

11.

이경숙, 정석진, 김명식 (2015). 1-3세 영유아영상물 과몰입이 일반적, 정서사회적 발달에 미치는 영향, 한국심리학회지: 발달, 28(1), 117-132.

12.

조성심, 신혜영 (2014). 통합교실에서 주제환상극 놀이 프로그램이 발달지체유아의 친사회적 행동 및 또래놀이행동에 미치는 영향. 한국보육지원학회지, 10(2), 213-236.

13.

최지은, 이경숙, 박진아, 홍수종, 장형윤, 김경원, 신윤호, 안강모, (2015). 아토피피부염24개월 유아의 행동문제와 어머니의 정신건강 및 양육변인 간 관계. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 20(1), 1-23.

14.

하은혜 (2011). 영유아 발달지체 선별에 대한CBCL 1.5-5 유아행동평가척도-부모용의 변별력. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 30(1), 137-158.

15.

허계영 (2005). 부모작성 영유아 발달선별도구ages and stages questionnaires의 국내 적용예비 연구. 특수교육저널, 6(4), 521-536.

16.

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub.

17.

Avan, B., Richter, L. M., Ramchandani, P. G., Norris, S. A., & Stein, A. (2010). Maternal postnatal depression and children's growth and behaviour during the early years of life:Exploring the interaction between physical and mental health. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95(9), 690-695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.164848

18.

Baker B. L., Blacher J., Crnic K. A., Edelbrock C. (2002). Behavior Problems and Parenting stress in families of three-year-old children with and without developmental delays. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 107, 433-444.

19.

Beck, C. T. (1998). The effects of postpartum depression on child development: A metaanalysis. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 12, 12-30.

20.

Beck, C. T. (2001). Predictors of postpartum depression: An update. Nursing Research, 50(5), 275-285.

21.

Benett, F. C., & Guralnick, M. J. (1991). Effectiveness of developmental intervention in the first years of life. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 38(6), 1513-1528.

22.

Bloom, B. S. (1976). Human characteristics and school learning. New York: McGrow-Hill.

23.

Briggs-Gowan, M., & Carter, A. S. (2001). New instruments for evaluatin 12-to 48-month-old social-emotional/ behavioral problems and competencies. The University of Massachusetts, Boston.

24.

Brown, Mallory A., McIntyre, Laura Lee, Crnic, Keith A., Baker, Bruce L., Blacher, Jan. (2011). Preschool Children With and Without Developmental Delay: Risk, Parenting, and Child Demandingness. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 4(3), 206-226.

25.

Cicchetti, D. (1993). Developmental psychology:Reactions, reflections, projections. Developmental Review, 13, 471-502.

26.

Cicchetti, D., Beeghly, M. (1990). An organziational approach to the study of Down syndrome: Contributions to an integrative theory of development. In D. Cicchetti and M. Beeghly(eds.), Children with Down Syndrome:A developmental perspective, pp. 29-62. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.

27.

Culp, D. J, Latchney, L. R, Fallon, M, Denny, P. A, Couwenhoven, P. C, Sally R. I, & Chuang, S.(2004). The gene encoding mouse Muc19: cDNA, genomic organization and relationship to Smgc. Physiol Genomics, 19, 303-318.

28.

Degnan, K. A., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., Hill-Soderlund, A. L. (2008). Profiles of disruptive behavior across early childhood:Contributions of frustration reactivity, physiological regulation and maternal behavior. Child Development, 79, 1357-1376.

29.

Dunn W.(1999). Sensory Profile; User's manual. San Antonio. TX; Psychological Corporation.

30.

Emiko, K.., & Alan, I. S. (2000). Moderating effects of mothers' attribution on the relationships between their affect and parenting behaviors and children's aggressive behaviors. Journal of child and family studies, 9(1), 39-50.

31.

Feldman, M., Atkinson, L., Foti Gervasi, L., & Condillac, R. (2004). Formal versus informal intervention for challenging behavior in persons with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 48(1), 60-68.

32.

Field, T. (1995). Infants of depressed mothers. Infant Behavior & Development, 18(1), 1-13.

33.

First, R., Palfrey, J. (1994). The infant or young child with developmental delay. The New England Journal of Medicine. 330, 478-483.

34.

Frankenburg, W. K., Dodds, J., Archer, P., Bresnick, B., Maschka, P., Edelman, N., et al.(1990). Denver II technical manual. Denver, CO: Denver Developmental Materials. Inc.

35.

Frick, P. J., Marsee, M. A. (2006). Psychopathology and developmental pathways to antisocial behavior on youth. In C. J. Petrick(Ed), Handbook of psychopathy, 353-370, New York: Guilford press.

36.

Hammill, D. D., (1990). On defining learning disabilities: an emerging consensus. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23(2), 74-84.

37.

Hay, D. F., Pawlby, S., Sharp, D., Asten, P., Mills, A., & Kumar, R. (2001). Intellectual problems shown by 11-year old children whose mothers had postnatal depression. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 871-889. http://tadnet.public.tadnet.org/pages/712

38.

Humphry, R., & Wakeford, L. (2006). An occupation-centered discussion of development and implications for practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 60, 258-267.

39.

Jocye, T. J., Kaestner, R., & Koreman, S. (2000). The effect of pregnancy intention on child development. Demography, 37(1), 83-94.

40.

Kitzman, H., Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Hanks, C., Cole, R., Tatelbaum, R., McConnochie, K. M., Sidora K., Luckey, D. W., Shaver, D., Engelhardt, K., James D., & Barnard, K. (1997). Effect of prenatal and infancy home visitation by nurses on pregnancy outcomes, childhood injuries, and repeated childbearing: A randomized Gen controlled trial. JAMA. 1997; 278:644 652.

41.

Mcintosh, D. N., Miller, L. J., Shyu, V.& Hagerman, R. (1999). Sensory modulation disruption, electrodermal responses, and functional behaviors. Developmental medicine and Chhild Neurology.

42.

Mullen, E. M. (1995) Mullen Scales of Early Learning, AGS Edition. Circle Prince:American Guidance Service, Inc.

43.

Murray, L., Arteche, A., Fearon, P., Halligan, S., Croudace, T., & Cooper, P. (2010). The effects of maternal postnatal depression and child sex on academic preformance at age 16years: a developmental approach. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(10), 1150-1159.

44.

Odom, S. L., Zercher, C., Marquart, J., Li, S., Sandall, S. R., & Wolfberg, P. (2001). Social relationships of children with disabilities and their peers in inclusive preschool classrooms. In S. L. Odom (Ed.), Widening the circle:Including children with disabilities in preschool programs, 61-80. New York: Teachers College Press.

45.

Ozonoff, S., Iosif, A. M., Baguio, F., Cook, I. C., Hill, H. M., Hutman, T., Rogers, S. J., Rozga, A., Sangha, S., Sigman, M., Steifeld, M. B., & Young, G. S. (2010). A Prospective Study of the Emergence of Early Behavioral Signs of Autism. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 49(3), 256-266.

46.

Peter S. Kaplan, Christina M. Danko, Kevin D. Everhart, Andres Diaz,Ryan M. Asherin, JoAnn M. Vogeli, Shiva M. Fekri.(2014). Maternal depression and expressive communication in one-year-old infants. Infant Behavior and Development, 37, 398-405.

47.

Petterson, S. M., Albers, A. B. (2011). Effects of poverty and matemal Depression on Early Child Development. Journal of Child development, 72, 1794-1813.

48.

Richard, E. B., Robert, K., & Hal, B. J. (2000). Nelson tectbook of pediatrics: 16th ed. Piladephia: WB saunders Co, 94-100.

49.

Rogers, S. Vismara, L. Wagner, A. McCormick, C. Young, G. Ozonoff, S. (2014). Autism Treatment in the First Year of Life: A Pilot Study of Infant Start, a Parent-Implemented Intervention for Symptomatic Infants. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(12), 2981-2995.

50.

Rosenberg, S. A., Zhang, D., & Robinson, C. C. (2008). Prevalence of developmental delays and participation in early intervention services for young children. Pediatrics, 121, E1503-E1509.

51.

Shevell, M., Ashwal, S., & Donley, D. (2003). Practice parameter: Evaluation of the child with global developmental delay: Report of the quality standards subcommittee of the american academy of neurology and the practice committee of the child neurology society. Neurolog, 60, 367-380.

52.

Shevell, M., Majnemer, A., Rosenbaum, P., Abrahamowicz, M. (2000). Etiologic yield of single domain developmental delay: a prospective study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 137(5), 633-637.

53.

Sices, L., Feudtner, C., McLaughlin, J., Drotar, D., & Williams, M. (2004). How do primary care physicians manage children with possible developmental delays? A national survey with an experimental design. Pediatrics, 113(2), 274-282.

54.

Tomblin, J. B., Zhang, X., Buckwalter, P., Catts, H (2000). The association of reading disability, behavioral disorders, and language impairment among-grade children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 473-482.

55.

Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F. A., Sturge-Apple M, Cicchetti D. (2009). Maternal depression, children's attachment security, and representational development: an organizational perspective. Child Development, 80(1), 192-208.

56.

Whipple, E. E., & Webster-Stratton, C. (1991). The role of parental stress in physically abusive families. Child abuse & neglect, 15(3), 279-291.

57.

Wood, J. J., Cowan, P. A., Baker, B. I. (2002). Behavior problems and peer rejection in preschool boys and girls. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 163(1), 72-88.

logo