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ISSN : 1229-0718
본 연구는 학령전기 아동들이 자원을 가진 내집단과 외집단 구성원 중 누가 '가난한 사람'에게 자원을 나누어주어야 한다고 생각하는지 알아보았다. 실험 1에서는 만 4세와 만 5세 아동에게 내집단과 외집단 구성원이 동일한 양의 자원(충분한 자원(2:2)조건, 불충분한 자원(1:1)조건)을 소유하였을 때, 누가 자원이 없는 개인에게 자원을 나누어주어야 할 책임이 있는지 물어보았다. 그 결과, 만 4세는 충분한 자원 조건에서만, 만 5세는 두 조건 모두에서 내집단 구성원이 나눔 행동의 책임을 가진다고 추론하였다. 실험 2에서는 만 5세 아동들이 개인의 자원 공유 책임 판단에 자원의 양을 고려할 수 있는지 알아보고자, 내집단과 외집단 구성원이 상이한 양의 자원을 가졌을 때(내집단 충분조건(2:1), 외집단 충분조건(1:2))의 나눔 행동의 책임을 물어보았다. 그 결과, 아동들은 집단 소속과는 상관없이, 공정성 원리에 따라 더 많은 자원을 가진 구성원이 나누어주어야 한다고 응답하였다. 이러한 결과는 타인의 도덕적 책임에 대한 추론 과정에서 학령전기 아동들이 개인의 집단 정보뿐 아니라 자원의 양과 같은 맥락특정적 정보를 함께 사용하는 인지적 추론을 해낸다는 것을 보여준다.
The present research investigated what do preschoolers think is morally responsible among ingroup and outgroup members regarding "the poor". In Experiment 1, an ingroup and an outgroup members possessed the same number of resources, while the poor possessed none. Across conditions, the number of resources was different (sufficient (2:2) and insufficient (1:1) condition). In a choice-task, 4-year-old children responded that ingroup members should share only in the sufficient condition, while 5-year-old children responded that ingroup members should share in both conditions. Experiment 2 presented 5-year-olds with another set of conditions (sufficient ingroup (2:1), sufficient outgroup (2:1) conditions) to investigate whether they would consider the number of resources when judging who should share them. As a result, regardless of group memberships, 5-year-old children responded that the individuals with more resources had the responsibility of sharing in accordance with the principle of fairness. These results suggest that preschool children are capable of sophisticated cognitive reasoning by using context-sensitive information when judging individuals' moral responsibility towards others.
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