본 연구에서는 성별 차이가 항해사의 상황인식과 항해수행에 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위하여 컴퓨터 기반 실험(실험 1)과 시뮬레이션 기반 실험(실험 2)을 실시하였다. 실험 1에서는 항해사의 성별에 따라 항해 관련 상황인식의 세 가지 수준(즉, 지각, 이해 및 통합, 예측)에서의 수행 차이를 비교하였는데, 이를 위해 항해 과제를 각각의 상황인식 수준에서 부합하는 과제들로 구성한 후 항해사의 항해 상황에 대한 재인, 여러 항해 정보의 통합 및 이해, 그리고 미래 상황에 대한 예측 능력을 비교하였다. 실험 2에서는 선박 시뮬레이션 과제를 통하여 다른 선박과의 충돌 빈도, 항해 수행 확신도, 그리고 작업부하를 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신호탐지론으로 상황인식의 첫 단계인 항해상황 재인 수행을 분석한 결과, 반응편향에서는 성차가 관찰되지 않았지만 남성이 여성보다 더 높은 재인 민감도를 보였다. 둘째, 상황인식의 두 번째 단계인 이해 및 통합에서는 레이더 비교 과제를 사용하였는데, 정확반응에서는 성차가 관찰되지 않았지만 여성이 남성이 비해 더 높은 오반응을 보여, 남성이 여성에 비해 더 정확하게 레이더 상에서의 변화를 탐지하는 것으로 나타났다. 상황인식의 최종 단계인 예측 과제에서는 성차가 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 항해 시뮬레이션 실험에서는 여성이 타 선박과 더 많이 충돌하는 추세가 관찰되었으며, 작업부하의 차이가 없었음에도 불구하고 여성은 남성에 비해 본인의 항해 수행에 대해 낮은 확신도를 보고하였다. 본 연구는 비교적 연구가 수행되어오지 않은 항해 영역에서 심리학적인 개념들을 적용하여 성별 차이에 따른 수행의 차이를 탐색해 보았다는 데 의의가 있다.
This study aims to investigate the effect of navigation officer's gender on their situation awareness(SA) and navigation performances. For this purpose, the male and female navigation officer's performance of (1) recognizing the previous navigation scenes, (2) comparing of two radar informations, and (3) projecting possible situations based on current context and were compared. And ship handling performances in simulation, subjective workload, and confidence on their performances were compared in both genders. The results indicated the male navigation officers showed higher recognition accuracy and more sensitive in discriminating the difference between two radar informations than female navigation officers. In simulation study, male navigation officers showed lower frequency of collisions with other ships and higher level of confidence on their performances than female officers, although there are no gender differences on their subjective workload.
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