ISSN : 1229-0718
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceived parental conflict, maternal behavior, and social support on school-age children's subjective well-being: emotional and psychological well-being. 889 children (M=10.68 years, SD= .91) were recruited from nine public elementary schools in Seoul, South Korea. Within the sample there were 464 boys and 425 girls from grades 4-6. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0. The results were the following; First, children's perceived parental conflict is negatively related to children's subjective well-being. Second, the effect of children's perceived parental conflict on children's subjective well-being is not mediated significantly by children's perceived maternal behavior. Third, the effect of children's perceived parental conflict on children's subjective well-being is mediated by the two factors, maternal behavior and social support. Fourth, maternal behavior is positively related to children's subjective well-being. Fifth, the effect of children's perceived maternal behavior on children's subjective well-being is mediated by children's perceived social support. Sixth, children's perceived social support is positively related to children's subjective well-being.
고화숙(1999). 아동이 지각한 사회적 지지가 학습동기에 미치는 영향. 아동교육, 8(1), 27-38.
권영옥, 이정덕(1997). 자녀가 지각한 부부갈등 척도(CPIC)의 타당화 연구. 아동학회지, 18(1), 65-80.
김계수(2004). AMOS 구조방정식 모형분석. 서울: (주)데이타솔루션.
김아영, 임은영(2003). 타문화권 척도 번안과정에서 적용되는 절차들 간의 효과비교. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 22(1), 89- 113.
김애경(2003). 부모의 갈등 및 사회적 지지와 내외통제성이 초기 청소년의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향. 청소년학연구, 10(3), 351-372.
김연희, 박경자(2001). 아동이 지각한 사회적 지지 및 귀인성향과 아동의 자아존중감의 관계. 아동학회지, 22(2), 49-64.
김원경, 권희경, 전제아(2006). 부모양육행동, 아동의 우울 및 자기효능감과 아동의 문제해결력 간의 구조모델. 아동학회지, 27(3), 67-79.
김정희, 문혁준(2004). 아동의 사회적 유능성에 관련된 변인 연구. 대한가정학회지, 42(10), 23- 38.
김지신(1996). 어머니의 전통-근대 가치관 및 양육행동과 아동의 사회적 행동. 이화여자대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
김지현, 박경자(2006). 아동의 공격성에 영향을 미치는 개인 내적․외적 요인에 대한 구조방정식 모형 검증. 아동학회지, 27(3), 149-168.
노형진(2005). SPSS/Amos에 의한 사회조사분석-범주형 데이터 분석 및 공분산구조분석. 서울: 형설출판사.
도현심, 김민정, 박보경, 황영은(2005). 아동이 지각한 부모의 양육행동과 남녀 아동의 공격성 및 친사회성간의 관계. 한국가정관리학회지, 23(3), 185-195.
문경주, 오경자(2002). 지각된 부모의 양육행동과 초기 청소년의 우울 및 불안의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 21(1), 29-43.
민미희, 이순형, 이옥경(2005). 부모의 이혼여부 및 아동의 연령에 다른 아동의 사회적 지지 지각과 내면화 문제. 대한가정학회지, 43(11), 109-125.
민하영, 권기남(2004). 저소득층 아동의 학교적응: 아동이 지각한 부모의 양육행동과 아동의 자아정체감을 중심으로. 아동학회지, 25(2), 81- 92.
손승희, 이은해(2004). 아동의 또래유능성과 대인간 문제해결 능력 및 어머니 양육행동과의 관계. 대한가정학회지, 42(4), 167-177.
손원숙(2003). 심리검사 번안에 대한 통합적 접근. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 22(2), 57-80.
송지영(1992). 한국판 부모-자녀 결합형태검사(Parental Bonding Instrument): 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증. 신경정신의학, 31, 979-991.
양돈규,성옥련(1998). 부모갈등과 사회적 지지가 청소년의 우울과 비행에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회 연차대회 학술발표논문집, 1375-1393.
양돈규, 임영식(1998). 청소년의 문제행동에 미치는 사회적 지지원의 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 4(1), 55-74.
옥경희, 김미해, 천희영(2001). 저소득층 아동의 학업, 정서 및 사회성 발달: 부모보호와 자기보호 비교. 아동학회지, 22(2), 91-111.
윤정진, 정옥분(1997). 아동이 지각한 사회적 지지와 사회적 능력. 아동학회지, 18(2), 311-331.
이민식(1999). 부부갈등이 아동의 내면화 및 외현화 문제에 미치는 영향. 연세대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
이숙, 최정미(2003). 어머니의 양육행동과 또래수용도가 아동의 자아존중감에 미치는 영향. 대한가정학회지, 41(2), 31-42.
이순묵(1990). 공변량구조분석. 서울: 성원사.
이순형, 이옥경, 민미희(2006). 아동의 성별, 부모의 이혼 및 아동의 부모 양육행동 지각이 아동의 행동문제에 미치는 영향. 한국가정관리학회지, 24(1), 181-192.
이영자(1994). 스트레스, 사회적 지지, 자아존중감과 우울 및 불안과의 관계. 서울여자대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
이정미, 이양희(2005). 한국판 아동용 다면적 생활만족도검사(K-MSLSS)의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 18(2), 119-135.
이정미, 이양희(2007). 아동의 안녕감 측정모형의 타당화 연구. 한국아동학회 춘계학술대회자료집, 122.
정문자, 전연진(2005). 아버지의 원가족 분화 경험, 부부갈등, 양육행동이 자녀의 행동문제에 미치는 영향의 모형 검증. 대한가정학회지, 43 (2), 41-55.
정미경, 김영희(2003). 어머니의 아동기 양육경험, 우울, 부부갈등 및 양육행동과 학령기 아동의 부적응. 대한가정학회지, 41(8), 123-137.
한미현, 유안진(1996). 아동의 스트레스 및 사회적 지지 지각과 행동문제. 아동학회지, 17(1), 173 -188.
한유진, 최나야(2004). 초기 청소년의 사회적 지지 지각 및 생활만족도가 대인관계 상황 귀인양식에 미치는 영향. 청소년학 연구, 11(3), 363 -384.
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423.
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: Americans' perceptions of life quality. NY: Plenum.
Armentrout, J. A., & Burger, G. K. (1972). Factor analyses of college students' recall of parental child-rearing behaviors. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 121, 155-161.
Belsky, J. (1981). Early human experience: A family perspective. Developmental Psychology, 17, 3-23.
Bost K., Vaughn, B., Washington, W., Cielinski, K., & Bradbard, M. (1998). Social competence, social support, and attachment: Demarcation of construct domains, measurement, and paths of influence for preschool children attending Head Start. Child Development, 69, 192-218.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Vol. 1: Attachment. NY: Basic Books.
Cummings, E. M., Ballard, M., El-Sheikh, M., & Lake, M. (1991). Resolution and child's responses to intra-adult anger. Developmental Psychology, 27, 464-470.
Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Campbell, S. B. (2001). Understanding the impact of marital conflict on children. Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter, 17(5), 1-4.
Dadds, M. R., & Powell, M. B. (1991). The relationships of interparental conflict and global adjustment to agression, anxiety, and immaturity in aggressive and nonclinic children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 19, 553-567.
Davis, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Marital conflict and adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis, Psychological Bulletin, 116, 387-411.
DeMulder, E., Denham, S., Schmidt, M., & Mitchell, J. (2000). Q-sort assessment of attachment security during the preschool years: Links from home to school. Developmental Psychology, 36, 274-282.
Dubois, D. L., Felner, R. D., Brand S., Adan, A. M., & Evans, E. G. (1992). A prospective study of life stress, social support, and adaptation in early adolescence. Child Development, 63, 542-557.
Dubow, E. F., Tisak, J., Causey, D., Hryshko, A., & Reid, G. (1991). A two-year longitudinal study of stressful life events, social support, and social problem solving skill: Contribution to children's behavioral and academic adjustment. Child Development, 62, 583-599.
Dubow, E. F., & Ullman, D. G. (1989). As assessing social support in elementary school children: The survey of children's social support. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 18(1), 52-64.
Emery, R. E. (1988). Marriage, divorce, and children's adjustment. CA: Sage Publications.
Emery, R. E., & O'Leary, K. D. (1984). Marital discord and child behavior problems in a nonclinic sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 12, 411-420.
Feiring, C., & Lewis, M. (1989). The social networks of girls and boys from early through middle childhood. In D. Belle ( Ed.), Children's social networks an social supports (pp. 119-150). NY: Wiley.
Fincham, F. D., Grych, J. H., & Osborne, L. M. (1994). Does marital conflict cause child maladjustment?: Directions and challenges for longitudinal research. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 128-140.
Frisch, M. B. (2000). Improving mental and physical health care through quality of life therapy and assessment. In E. Diener & D. R. Rahtz (Eds.), Advances in quality of life theory and research (pp. 207-241). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press.
Ge, X., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, R. D., Elder, G. H., & Simons, R. L. (1994). Trajectories of stressful life events and depressive symptoms during adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 30(4), 467-483.
Greenspoon, P. J., & Saklofske, D. H. (2001). Toward an integration of subjective well-being and psychopathology. Social Indicators Research, 54, 81-108.
Grych, J. H., Seid, M., & Fincham, F. D. (1992). Assessing marital conflict from the child's perspective: The Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. Child Development, 63, 558-572.
Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Marital conflict and children's adjustment: A cognitive-contextual framework. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 267-290.
Grych, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (1993). Children's appraisals of marital conflict: Initial investigations of the cognitive- contextural framework. Child Development, 64, 215-230.
Harrist, A. W., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Bates, J. E. (1994). Dyadic synchrony in mother-child interaction: Relations with children's subsequent kindergarten adjustment. Family Relations, 43, 417-424.
Harter, S. (1988). Developmental processes in the construction of the self. In T. D. Yawkey & J. E. Johnson(Eds.), Integrative processes and socialization: Early to Middle Childhood (pp. 45-78). NJ: Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Hartup, W. W. (1993). Adolescents and their friends. In B. Laursen (Eds.), Close friendships in adolescence (pp.3-22). SF: Jossey-Bass.
Holden, G. W., & Ritchie, K. L. (1991). Linking extreme marital discord, child rearing, and child behavior problems: Evidence from battered women. Child Development, 62, 311-327.
Ingoldsby, B., Schvaneveldt, P., Supple, A., & Bush, K. (2003). The relationship between parenting behaviors and adolescent achievement and self-efficacy in Chile and Ecuador. Marriage & Family Review, 35, 139-159.
Jenkins, J. M., & Smith, M. A. (1991). Marital disharmony and children's behavior problems: Aspects of a poor marriage that affect children adversity. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 32, 793-810.
Jouriles, E. N., Murphy, C. M., & O'Leary, K. D. (1989). Interspousal aggression, marital discord, and child problems, Journal of Consuylting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 453-455.
Kawash, G. F., & Clewes, J. L. (1987). A factor analysis of a short form of the CRPBI: Are children's perceptions of control and discipline multidimensional? The Journal of Psychology, 122, 57-67.
Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 121-140.
Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). The subjective well-being of America's youth: Toward a comprehensive assessment. Adolescent and Family Health, 4, 3-11.
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022.
Long, N., Forehand, R., Fauber, R., & Brody, G (1987). Self-perceived and independently observed competence of young adolescents as a function of parental marital conflict and recent divorce. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15, 15-27.
McGregor, I., & Little, B. R. (1998). Personal projects, happiness, and meaning: On doing well and being yourself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 494-512.
Mechanic, D., & Hansell, S. (1989). Divorce, family, conflict, and adolescent's well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 105-116.
Mize, J., & Pettit, G. S. (1997). Mothers' social coaching, mother-child relationship style, and children's peer competence: Is the medium the message: Child Development, 68, 291-311.
Parker, G. (1979). Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 138-147.
Parker, G. (1983). Parental overprotection: A risk factor in psychosocial development. Sydney: Grune & Stratton.
Parker, J. G., Rubin, K. H., Price, J. M., & DeRosier, M .E. (1995). Peer relationships, child development, and adjustment: A developmental psychopathology perspective. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology (Vol. 2, pp. 96-161). NY: Wiley.
Peterson, J. L., & Zill, N. (1986). Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavior problems in children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 295-307.
Rapee, R. M. (1997). The potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, 47-67.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 719-727.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2000). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp.74-119). NY: Oxford University Press.
Seligman, M. E. P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1) 5-14.
Shaefer, E.S. (1965). A configurational analysis of children’s reports of parent behavior . Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29, 552-557.
Shaffer, D. R. (2000). Social and personality development (4th ed.). CA: Wodsworth/ Tomson Learning.
Thompson, R. A., Flood, M. F., & Goodvin, R. (2006). Social support and developmental psychopathology. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental psycho- pathology: Vol. 3. Risk, disorder, & adaptation (2 ed. pp. 1-37). NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Vandewater, E. A. & Lansford, J. (1998). Influences of family structure and parental conflict on children's well-being. Family Relations, 47(4), 323-330.
Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is happiness relative? Social Indicators Research, 24, 1-34.
Webster-Stratton, C. (1989). The relationship of marital support, conflict, and divorce to parent perceptions, behaviors, and childhood conduct problems. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 417-430.
Wertliebf, D., Weigel, C., & Feldstein, M. (1987). Stress, social support, and behavior symptoms in middle childhood. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 16, 204-211.
Westerman, M. A., & La Luz, E. J. (1995). Marital adjustment and children‘s academic achievement. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 41, 453-470.