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ISSN : 1229-0718
The purpose of this study was to investigate what makes differences between proactive bullies and defenders even though they have similar theory of mind (ToM) skills. Thus, moral disengagement and moral emotions(guilt, shame, affective empathy) were selected as mediating variables that would contribute to group differences. For this research, the self-report data of 582 middle school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were analyzed. Results indicate that proactive bullies and defenders were similar in their ToM skills. However, proactive bullies reported the higher level of moral disengagement than defenders. Compared to proactive bullies, defenders reported more guilt and affective empathy. In addition, the interaction was significant between gender and participating roles in terms of moral disengagement. Female proactive bullies reported the highest level of moral disengagement. On path analysis, it was found that guilt fully mediated between ToM and bullying behaviors in both gender. The mediating effect of guilt was also apparent between ToM and defending behaviors in both gender. However, affective empathy fully mediated between ToM and defending behaviors only among boys. The implications of these findings and the suggestions for intervention were discussed.
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