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ISSN : 1229-0718
인간의 억제 과정은 크게 의도적 억제 과정과 비의도적 억제 과정으로 나뉜다(Harnishfeger & Pope, 1996). 일반적으로 의도적 억제란 관련 없는 정보를 파악하고 의식적으로 억제 하는 과정이고, 비의도적 억제는 관련 없는 정보에 대해 자동적으로 억제가 이루어지는 과정이다. 본 연구는 중성과 정서자극을 사용하여 억제 과정 중 비의도적 억제 과정의 발달적 차이를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 만 4세, 6세, 8세 아동 58명을 대상으로 중성과 부적 정서가를 그림자극을 조작하여 인출 유도 망각(retrieval induced forgetting; RIF) 패러다임을 사용한 실험을 실시하였다. 인출 유도 망각은 특정 단서와 연합된 정보를 반복적으로 인출하게 되면 그 순간 불필요해진 같은 단서와 연합된 다른 정보가 망각되는 현상을 말한다(Anderson, Bjork & Bjork, 1994). 이러한 망각과정은 인출 과정에서 같은 단서와 연합되어 떠오르는 불필요한 정보들에 대한 비의도적 억제 과정에 의해서 발생된다는 사실이 많은 연구들을 통해 증명되었다(Anderson, 2003). 연구 결과 중성 자극에서는 4세에서 인출 유도 망각이 관찰되지 않았고, 6세와 8세에서는 인출 유도 망각이 관찰되었다. 반면 부적 정서 자극에서는 모든 연령 조건에서 인출 유도 망각이 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구는 성인과 마찬가지로 아동 초기에는 부적 정서에 대한 억제가 어렵다는 점과 비의도적 억제능력의 발달적 차이가 나타날 가능성을 제안한다.
This research was designed to examine difference in the development of inhibitory control by confirming retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) caused by emotional valence. The study sample included three age groups ; 4-year-olds, 6-year-olds, and 8-year-olds. Emotional valence controlled for negative emotional stimuli and neutral stimuli. Categorized words in the research study were different from those in a research for study adults, as they were properly selected for children, and were provided to participants with illustrated pictures. Valence adjectives were used as stimuli in the category for emotional valence control, and the pictures provided with them were also expressed according to the emotional stimuli. In the neutral condition, RIF was not observed in 4-year-old participants, whereas RIF was observed in both 6-year-old participants and 8-year-old participants. It is possible that in 4-year-old participants, the cognitive ability that influences unintentional inhibition has not yet developed. In the negative condition, RIF was observed in all conditions. These results suggest that inhibition is difficult for negative emotions.
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