open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 1229-0718
This study examined whether enhanced attention to other’s emotional and physical characteristics can promote 4-year-olds’ (N = 107) sharing behavior in a dictator game. In this experiment, participants distributed 10 stickers between themselves and a monkey puppet in a picture. Before starting the game, children in emotion condition were asked to guess how the recipient monkey would feel (happy, neutral or sad) after receiving stickers to draw children’s attention to recipient. Children in the appearance condition were asked to think about the color of monkey’s shoes. In control condition, children participated in a standard dictator game without any previous instruction. As a result, children in the emotion and appearance condition distributed significantly more stickers to the recipient than those in the control condition. This result suggests that enhanced attention to recipients’ emotional and physical characteristics can enhance children’s fair behavior in a resource sharing task.
권주현, 박영신 (2013). 마음의 이해와 공감이독재자 게임에 나타난 아동의 친사회적행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 26(3), 117-138.
유하나, 이지현, 송현주, 김영훈 (2014). 감정고려가 만4세 아동의 분배 행동에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 27(2), 113-132.
진경선 (2018). 생애 초기 사회도덕적 추론. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 31(3), 183-200.
Bae, S., Jang, J., & Kim, J. (2013). Good Samaritans on social network services: Effects of shared context information on social supports for strangers. International Journal of Human- Computer Studies, 71(9), 900-918.
Barclay, L. J., Skarlicki, D. P., & Pugh, S. D. (2005). Exploring the role of emotions in injustice perceptions and retaliation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), 629-643.
Benenson, J. F., Pascoe, J., & Radmore, N. (2007). Children's altruistic behavior in the dictator game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28(3), 168-175.
Ben-Ner, A., McCall, B. P., Stephane, M., & Wang, H. (2009). Identity and in-group/out-group differentiation in work and giving behaviors: Experimental evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 72(1), 153-170.
Bernhard, H., Fischbacher, U., & Fehr, E. (2006). Parochial altruism in humans. Nature, 442(7105), 912-915.
Blake, P. R., McAuliffe, K., & Warneken, F. (2014). The developmental origins of fairness:The knowledge-behavior gap. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(11), 559-561.
Brownell, C. A., Svetlova, M., & Nichols, S. (2009). To share or not to share: When do toddlers respond to another's needs?. Infancy, 14(1), 117-130.
Brook, R., & Servátka, M. (2016). The anticipatory effect of nonverbal communication. Economics Letters, 144, 45-48.
Dunfield, K., Kuhlmeier, V. A., O’Connell, L., & Kelley, E. (2011). Examining the diversity of prosocial behavior: Helping, sharing, and comforting in infancy. Infancy, 16(3), 227-247.
Dunham, Y., Baron, A. S., & Carey, S. (2011). Consequences of “minimal” group affiliations in children. Child Development, 82(3), 793-811.
Ellingsen, T., & Johannesson, M. (2008). Anticipated verbal feedback induces altruistic behavior. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(2), 100-105.
Fehr, E., Bernhard, H., & Rockenbach, B. (2008). Egalitarianism in young children. Nature, 454(7208), 1079-1083.
Geraci, A., & Surian, L. (2011). The developmental roots of fairness: Infants’ reactions to equal and unequal distributions of resources. Developmental Science, 14(5), 1012-1020.
Gummerum, M., Hanoch, Y., Keller, M., Parsons, K., & Hummel, A. (2010). Preschoolers’allocations in the dictator game: The role of moral emotions. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(1), 25-34.
Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. (2005). Nobody's watching?: Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(3), 245-256.
Hamlin, J. K., Wynn, K., & Bloom, P. (2007). Social evaluation by preverbal infants. Nature, 450(7169), 557-560.
Hepach, R., Vaish, A., & Tomasello, M. (2012). Young children are intrinsically motivated to see others helped. Psychological Science, 23(9), 967-972.
Hepach, R., & Warneken, F. (2018). Early development of prosocial behavior: Revealing the foundation of human prosociality. Current Opinion in Psychology, 20, 4-8.
McAuliffe, K., Blake, P. R., Steinbeis, N., & Warneken, F. (2017). The developmental foundations of human fairness. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(2), 0042.
McAuliffe, K., Jordan, J. J., & Warneken, F. (2015). Costly third-party punishment in young children. Cognition, 134, 1-10.
McLoughlin, N., & Over, H. (2017). Young children are more likely to spontaneously attribute mental states to members of their own group. Psychological Science, 28(10), 1503-1509.
McLoughlin, N., & Over, H. (2018). Encouraging children to mentalise about a perceived outgroup increases prosocial behaviour towards outgroup members. Developmental Science, e12774.
Moore, C. (2009). Fairness in children's resource allocation depends on the recipient. Psychological Science, 20(8), 944-948.
Olson, K. R., & Spelke, E. S. (2008). Foundations of cooperation in young children. Cognition, 108(1), 222-231.
Paulus, M., & Moore, C. (2015). Preschool children's anticipation of recipients' emotions affects their resource allocation. Social Development, 24(4), 852-867.
Rigdon, M., Ishii, K., Watabe, M., & Kitayama, S. (2009). Minimal social cues in the dictator game. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 358-367.
Roth-Hanania, R., Davidov, M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2011). Empathy development from 8 to 16 months: Early signs of concern for others. Infant Behavior and Development, 34(3), 447-458.
Rullo, M., Presaghi, F., & Livi, S. (2015). Reactions to ingroup and outgroup deviants:An experimental group paradigm for black sheep effect. PloS One, 10(5), e0125605.
Schmidt, M. F., & Sommerville, J. A. (2011). Fairness expectations and altruistic sharing in 15-month-old human infants. PloS One, 6(10), e23223.
Sloane, S., Baillargeon, R., & Premack, D. (2012). Do infants have a sense of fairness?. Psychological Science, 23(2), 196-204.
Sparks, E., Schinkel, M. G., & Moore, C. (2017). Affiliation affects generosity in young children:The roles of minimal group membership and shared interests. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 159, 242-262.
Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1(2), 149-178.
Vaish, A., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Sympathy through affective perspective taking and its relation to prosocial behavior in toddlers. Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 534-543.
Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2006). Altruistic helping in human infants and young chimpanzees. Science, 311(5765), 1301-1303.
Whitt, S., & Wilson, R. K. (2007). The dictator game, fairness and ethnicity in postwar Bosnia. American Journal of Political Science, 51(3), 655-668.
Williams, A., O’Driscoll, K., & Moore, C. (2014). The influence of empathic concern on prosocial behavior in children. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 425.
Xiao, E., & Houser, D. (2009). Avoiding the sharp tongue: Anticipated written messages promote fair economic exchange. Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(3), 393-404.
Yu, J., Zhu, L., & Leslie, A. M. (2016). Children's sharing behavior in mini‐dictator games: The role of in‐group favoritism and theory of mind. Child Development, 87(6), 1747-1757.