Abstract

Abstract

This study examined the effects of psychological, socio-environmental, and mothers' parenting behavior factors on Korean children's school adjustment. The data used for the purpose of this research came from the 'Panel Study on Korean Children'. A total of 633 children, their mothers, and teachers responded to a self-reported questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed with bivariate correlations and multiple regression to investigate the relevant predictors of school adjustment with such variables as psychological(happiness, self-esteem, problem behaviors), socio-environmental (number of friends, peer attachment, school preference, teacher preference), and mothers' parenting behavior factors(authoritative, authoritarian, permissive). The results indicated that socio-environmental and mothers' parenting behavior factors were statistically significant predictors of school adjustment. Statically significant predictors of school adjustment were peer trust, school preference, and teacher preference in male children, and peer rejection, school preference, and teacher preference in female children. Future research directions in this area and the practical implications for children's school adjustment were discussed.

Abstract

Although the cognitive and neurophysiological characteristics of SCD are known to be different from those of the normal elderly, studies of the emotional characteristics in SCD are rare. In old age, affective optimization characteristics that maximize positive emotions and avoid negative emotions appear to maintain emotional stability. This leads to a positivity effect of attending to and remembering positive rather than negative stimuli. The present study investigated the positivity effect for memory in older adults with SCD compared with those of normal elderly (NE) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirty NE, 29 SCD, and 24 MCI participated in the study. All participants were presented with computerized picture and word stimuli with three valence values (positive, negative, and neutral) and performed immediate and delayed recall tasks. Overall, positivity effects were observed in the picture and word stimuli in the NE group. In the SCD group, however, a positivity effect was observed for neither picture nor word stimuli; emotional memory enhancement (EME) was observed only for picture stimuli. The MCI group did not show EME in either stimulus condition. In sum, these results suggest that emotional regulation is already impaired in older adults with SCD. Therefore, early emotional intervention for SCD is needed.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine a mediating effect of mother-child communication problems and moderating effect of mother’s psychological control in the relationship between perceived martial conflict and body esteem among children in late childhood. A total sample of 195 5-6th grade children (102 girls) completed a survey. We found that perceived martial conflict was significantly and negatively associated with children’s body esteem. Mother-child communication problems partially mediated this link. This mediation effect of perceived martial conflict on body esteem through mother-child communication problems was moderated by mother’s psychological control. The children who perceived mothers’ psychological control less were more likely to have low body esteem when problematic communication with mothers occurred more frequently. Our findings implied that marital conflict might lead to problematic communication with their children and that children might internalize those negative messages that they received when they evaluate their self-image. Moreover, mother’s maladaptive parenting may exacerbate the link between problematic communication and children’s body esteem.

Abstract

This study was designed to examine both age-related and individual differences in real emotion regulation after anger mood induction. In this study, older (n=50) and young adults (n=50) watched two negative films and rated their mood using a visual analogue scale every 2 min for approximately 25 min. Results revealed that older adults were more likely than younger adults to quickly regulate their emotions. In order to identify individual differences in emotion regulation, a growth mixture modeling was performed on the mood ratings. Growth mixture modeling on older adults group revealed three latent subgroups of mood-change trajectories: positive-maintain group, negative-decrease group, and neutral-increase group. There was a significant group difference for negative emotional experience and anxiety level in older adults, whereas there was a significant group difference for positive emotional experience and emotion regulation strategies in younger adults. This suggests that considering not only age differences but also individual differences in emotion regulation is very important to understand emotional characteristics in old age.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between materialism, appearance orientation, and attitude towards cosmetic surgery among 452 young adult South Korean women. We hypothesized that materialism, appearance orientation, and attitudes toward cosmetic surgery would be consistent over time. We also hypothesized that the longitudinal relationship between materialism and attitudes toward cosmetic surgery would be mediated by an increase in appearance orientation. completed the survey three times at 6-month intervals. Using an autoregressive cross-lagged modeling we found that materialism, appearance orientation, and attitude towards cosmetic surgery were consistent across time. We also found mutual associations of all three factors. An increase of materialism did not significantly predict an increase of attitude towards cosmetic surgery. Yet, but an increase of appearance orientation did mediate the link between increases in materialism and attitudes toward cosmetic surgery. This study implies that the highly materialistic culture of South Korea could explain the popularity of cosmetic surgery among young adult women.

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between middle-aged mother's child-based self-worth and psychological control, and whether the child's desire for autonomy and socially prescribed perfectionism mediate in the process of the mother’s psychological control affecting their child's Subjective Well-Being. The subjects of this study were 323 pairs of middle-aged mothers and young adults living in Busan. Mother-related variables were collected from mothers and child-related variables were collected from children. As a result, a mother's child-based self-worth significantly explained the psychological control of the child, and the mother's psychological control showed a negative effect on the child's desire for autonomy but a positive effect on socially prescribed perfectionism. As a result of confirming the significance of the mediating effect, the mediating effect of the child's desire for autonomy and socially prescribed perfectionism was found to be significant in the relationship between the mother's psychological control and the child's Subjective Well-Being. Based on these findings, the implications of the results, limitations of the study, and the necessity of follow-up research were discussed.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to derive and compare the factor structure inherent in the Adolescent Personality Assessment Inventory(PAI-A) data of general and delinquent adolescents. And analysing similarities and differences between deducted factor structures of two target groups. For the purpose, there was carrying out of analysis with 39 scales which contains 31 subscales of Revised PAI-A. As the result of exploratory factor analysis, 4 to 6 factors model seems to appropriate for both target groups, but the results, except for the model which contain low explained variance or corss loading, were as follows: In case of normal juvenile group, 6 factors model is appropriate for normal juvenile. And in case of juvenile delinquents group, 5 factors model is appropriate for juvenile delinquents. Next, result of confirmatory factor analysis, the conformity of the two preceding models is acceptable level. Therefore, subscale of Revised PAI-A can differentiate well between characteristics of normal juveniles and juvenile delinquents. At the end of this paper, there is discussion of this research’s significant meaning and the limits of this research. after explanation of similarities and differences between deducted factor structures of two target groups.

Abstract

The current study aimed to show the moderating and mediating effects of ego-integrity and resilience in the relationship between daily stress and depression in the elderly. A total of 94 adults between the ages of 65 and 79 years participated in this study. The results show that daily stress had a direct effect on depression and was also partially mediated by ego-integrity. In addition, the mediating effect of ego-integrity was moderated by resilience. This indicates that resilience acts as a protective factor buffering the negative impacts of stress and low ego-integrity and decreasing the risk of depression among seniors. Active interventions to enhance resilience and ego-integrity and to reduce the severity of daily stress are needed for successful aging in later adulthood.