open access
메뉴ISSN : 1229-0718
The purpose of this study was to identify cluster types based on maternal child-rearing stress and individual characteristics, all of which are known to have important associations with young children behavioral problems. To this end, 455 mothers of children aged three to six were recruited for self-reported questionnaires. To analyze the data, cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted. Three potential groups emerged: (1) low regulation weak type (high child-rearing stress, high emotional dysregulation, low cognitive self-regulation, and low mindfulness), (2) general average type (an average level of child-rearing stress, emotional dysregulation, cognitive self-regulation, and mindfulness), and (3) high regulation moderate type (low child-rearing stress, low emotional dysregulation, high cognitive self-regulation, and high mindfulness). The high regulation moderate type scored significantly lower than the other two in children behavioral problems. However, the low regulation weak type and the general average type did not differ in children internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. The results imply that early integrative intervention that helps alleviate maternal child-rearing stress and promotes mothers regulatory resources should be instated to mitigate young children behavioral problems.
강수경, 이순행, 정미라 (2018). 유아기 자녀를둔 어머니의 놀이성이 양육행동에 미치는영향: 자기통제 및 자기관리의 매개효과, 어린이문학교육연구, 19(1), 205-223.
길혜지, 황정원 (2017). 부모의 양육태도 유형에 따른 취학 전 아동의 문제행동 차이분석. 육아정책연구, 11(1), 127-154.
김교헌 (2008). 마음챙김과 자기조절 그리고지혜, 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13(2), 285-306.
김경희, 이복순 (2009). 어머니의 마음챙김과정서안정이 양육스트레스에 미치는 영향. 아동과 권리, 13(2), 333-362.
김미진 (2016). 부모의 양육태도 군집의 유형차이 분석: 부모의 정서표현성과 유아의또래 유능성을 중심으로. 한국보육지원학회지, 12(2), 239-262.
김종훈, 김민정, 정미라 (2018). 한국판 자기통제 및 자기관리 도구(K-SCMS) 타당화 연구. 학습자중심교과교육연구, 8(5), 243-259.
도현심, 신나나, 박보경, 김민정, 김혜인 (2014). 어머니의 우울과 양육행동이 유아의 외현화 문제행동에 미치는 영향. 아동학회지, 35(4), 179-198.
박상규 (2008). 마음챙김과 자기조절. 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집, 16-17.
박성현 (2006). 마음챙김 척도 개발. 가톨릭대학교 박사학위논문.
박진아, 이경숙, 신의진 (2009). 모-자녀관계와어머니의 양육스트레스가 유아의 문제행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 14(4), 549-566.
설경옥 (2017). 유아의 기질, 어머니의 심리적통제, 교사의 훈육방식이 유아의 자기조절능력에 미치는 영향. 가톨릭대학교 박사학위논문.
송영혜, 김은영 (2007). 유아의 정서 능력과 어머니의 아동기 경험, 정서조절양식, 정서반응태도와의 관계. 한국정서행동장애학회학술대회 논문집, 127-147.
송진숙 (2003). 유아의 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 유아의 기질, 사회적 능력, 정서지능및 부모의 양육태도. 한국영유아보육학회, 35, 143-161.
송진영, 김규수 (2012). 유아의 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 어머니, 유아, 교사 관련 변인에 대한 탐색적 연구. 열린유아교육연구, 17(6), 345-465.
신명선, 김효정 (2017). 3-5세 유아의 문제행동에 대한 부모의 인식 및 양육스트레스. 언어치료연구, 26(4), 157-171.
심희원 (2012). 양육스트레스, 마음챙김과 자녀의 문제행동간의 관계: 상담받는 자녀를둔 어머니 대상으로. 한국아동심리치료학회지, 7(2), 21-38.
안지연 (1999). 아동의 정서인식능력이 어머니의양육스트레스와 대처방략에 미치는 영향. 영남대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
안혜진 (2018). 잠재성장모형을 활용한 어머니의 양육스트레스 및 우울과 유아의 문제행동 간의 종단적 관계연구. 학습자중심교과교육연구, 18(10), 931-951.
양혜영 (1997). 발달정신병리는 무엇인가? 한국심리학회지: 발달, 10(1), 115-124.
오경자, 김영아 (2008). CBCL 1.5-5 유아행동평가척도-부모용. 서울: 휴노컨설팅.
유수옥 (2013). 연령 증가에 따른 유아 문제행동 발생율 군집화 연구. 아동학회지, 24(6), 57-75.
유지연, 황혜정 (2017). 부모의 양육방식 유형에 따른 청소년의 사회, 정서발달 특성: 중학생 3학년의 자아인식, 정서문제, 또래애착을 중심으로. 미래청소년학회지, 14(1), 119-144.
이경숙, 신의진, 전연진, 박진아 (2004). 한국유아 행동문제의 경향과 특성-서울지역을중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 17(4), 53-73.
이경숙, 정경미, 박진아, 김혜진 (2008). 한국판부모 양육스트레스 검사-축약형의 신뢰도및 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지:여성, 13(3), 363-377.
이귀숙, 김현숙 (2016). 모의 정서조절곤란이청소년 자녀의 외현화 및 내재화 문제행동에 미치는 영향: 양육효능감을 매개변인으로. 청소년학연구, 23(12), 245-276.
이우경, 방희정 (2008). 성인기 여성의 스트레스, 마음챙김, 자기-자애, 심리적 안녕감및 심리 증상 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지:발달, 21(4), 127-146.
이의정, 이상균 (2009). 빈곤가족 어머니의 양육스트레스가 아동의 내재화문제에 미치는 영향-방임의 매개효과를 중심으로. 사회복지리뷰, 14, 113-138.
이정숙, 문보경 (2010). 유아의 기질이 문제 행동에 미치는 영향: 어머니의 정서조절방략의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 23(4), 55-74.
장효은, 김춘경 (2018). 영아기 아버지 양육참여, 어머니 양육스트레스, 영아 심리사회발달과 유아기 또래상호작용 간의 종단적관계 분석. 한국보육학회지, 18(1), 77-102.
전종희, 이우경, 이수정, 이원혜 (2007). 한국판마음챙김 주의 자각 척도의 신뢰도 및타당도 예비 연구. 한국심리학회지:임상, 26(1), 201-212.
전효정, 이귀옥 (2002). 유아기 부모와의 애착경험이 청소년기 또래애착과 스트레스 인식에 미치는 영향. 청소년학연구, 9(2), 191-210.
조복희 (1999). 유아발달. 서울: 교육과학사.
조순옥 (2014). 가족상호작용 유형에 따른 유아의 자기조절력과 문제행동. 한국생활과학회지, 23(6), 1071-1087.
조용래 (2007). 정서조절곤란의 평가: 한국판척도의 심리측정적 속성. 한국심리학회지:임상, 26(4), 1015-1038.
조유진 (2012). 부모양육태도에 따른 군집과아동의 개인내적 특성과의 관계: 개인내적특성 중 자아존중감, 내외통제소재, 자기통제력을 중심으로. 아동과 권리, 16(2), 289-307.
Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index-short form. Charlottesville, VA: Pediatric Psychology Press.
Abidin, R. R. (1992). The determinants of parenting behavior. The Journal of Clinical Child, 21(4), 401-412.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families.
Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Child behavior checklist for ages 11/2-5. ASEBA.
Barry, T. D., Dunlap, S. T., Cotten, S. J., Lochman, J. E., & Wells, K. C. (2005). The influence of maternal stress and distress on disruptive behavior problems in boys. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 265-273.
Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Ego depletion and self-control failure: An energy model of the self executive function. Self & Identity, 1, 129-136.
Beaver, K. M., Wright, J. P., & Delisi, M. (2007). Self-control as an executive function:reformulating Gottfredson and Hirschi’s paretal socialization thesis. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(10), 1345-1361.
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S. L, (2004). Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241.
Bögels, S. M., Lehtonen, A., & Restifo, K. (2010). Mindful parenting in mental health care. Mindfulness, 1, 107-120.
Bridgett, D., Burt, N. M., Laake. L. M., & Oddi, D. B. (2013). Maternal self-regulation, relationship adjustment, and home chaos:Contributions to infant negative emotionality. Infant Behavior & Development, 36, 534-547.
Chico, E., Gonzalez, A., Ali, N., Steiner, M., & Fleming, A S. (2014). Executive function and mothering: challenges faced by teenage mothers. Developmental Psychobiology, 56(5), 1027-1035.
Cole, P. M., Michel, M. K., & Teti, L. O. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2-3), 73-100.
Crandall, A., Deater-Deckard, K., & Riley, A. W. (2015). Maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and parenting: A conceptual framework. Developmental Review, doi:10.1016/j.dr. 2015.01.004.
Crespo, L. M., Trentacosta, C. J., Aikins, D, Wargo-Aikins, J. (2017). Maternal emotion regulation and children’s behavior problems:The mediating role of child emotion regulation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(10), 2797-2809.
Crinic, K. A., & M. T. Greenberg. (1990). Minor parenting stresses with young children. Child Development, 61(5), 1628-1637.
Crinic, K. A., Gaze, C., & Hoffman, C. (2005). Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: Relations to maternal parenting and child behavior at age 5. Infant and Child Development, 14(2), 117-132.
Dahlin, E., Nyberg, L., Backman, L., & Neely, A. S. (2008). Plasticity of executive functioning in young and older adults: immediate training gains, transfer, and long-term maintenance. Psychology and Aging, 23(4), 720-730.
Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135-168.
Dix, T. (1991). The affective organization of parenting: Adaptive and maladaptive processes. Psychological Bulletin, 110(1), 3-25.
Emond, A., Veenstra, R., Ormel, J., & Oldehikel, A. J. (2007). Preschool behavior and social-cognitive problems as predictors of adolescent disruptive behavior. Child Psychiatry of Human Behavior, 38(3), 221-236.
Galinsky, E. (2010). Mind in the making: The seven essential life skills every child needs. New York:Harper Collins.
Goldberg & Easterbrooks (1984). The relation between maternal employment status and the stability of attachments to mother and to father. Child Development, 55(5), 1894-1901.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54.
Harchik, A. E., Sherman, J. A., & Sheldon, J. B. (1992). The use of self-management procedures by people with developmental disabilities: A brief review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 13(3), 211-227.
Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 255-262.
Hughes, E. K., & Gullone, E. (2010). Parent emotion socialisation practices and their associations with personality and emotion regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 694-699.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain and Illness, New York, Delacorte.
Kienhuis, M., Rogers, S., Giallo, R., Matthews, J., & Treyvaud, K. (2010). A proposed model for the impact of patental fatigue on parenting adaptability and child development. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 28(4), 392-402.
Larson, R. W., Moneta, G., Richards, M. H., & Wilson, S. (2002). Continuity, stability, and change in daily emotional experience across adolescence. Child Development, 73(4), 1151-1165.
Lemerise, E. A., & Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child Developement, 71(1), 107-118.
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 10(6), 434-445.
Lutz, M. N., Fantuzzo, J., & McDermott, P. (2002). Multidimensional assessment of emotional and behavioral adjustment problems of low-income preschool children: Development and initial validation. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 17(3), 338-355.
Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (1980). Self-management as a substitute for leadership:A social learning theory perspective. Academy of Management review, 5(3), 361-367.
Mackler, J. S., Kelleher, R. T., Shanahan, L., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., & O’Brien, M. (2015). Parenting stress, parental reactions and externalizing behavior from 4 to 10. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(2), 388-406.
Muraven, M., Baumeister, R. F., & Tice, D. M. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resource: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 247-259.
Mezo, P. G. (2009). The self-control and self-management scale (SCMS): Development of an adaptive self-regulatory coping skills instrument. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(2), 83-93.
Nyanaponika Thera. (1962). The heart of buddihist meditation. London, England: Rider.
Parent, J., Garai. E., Forehand, R., Roland, E., Potts, J., Haker, K., Champion, J. E, Compas, B. E. (2010). Parent mindfulness and child outcome: The roles of parent depressive symptoms and parenting. Mindfulness, 1(4), 254-264.
Pokhrel, P., Sussman, S., Rohrbach, L. A., & Sun, P. (2007). Prospective associations of social self-control with drug use among youth from regular and alternative high schools. Substane Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 22(2), 1-9.
Skowron, E. A., & Friedlander, M. L. (1998). The differentiation-of-self inventory: Development and intial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 235-246.
Sternberg, J. R. (2000). Images of mindfulness. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 11-27.
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271-322.
Teasdale, J. D., Williams, J. M., Soulsby, J. M., Segal, Z. V., Ridgeway, V. A., & Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623.
Thompson, R. A. (2014). Socialization of emotion and emotion regulation in the family. In J. J. Gross(Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed.) (pp.173-186). New York, Guilford Press.
Wahler, R. G., & Dumas, J. E. (1989). Attentional problems in dysfunctional mother-child interaction: An inter behavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 105(1), 116-130.
Wells, A. (2005). Detached mindfulness in cognitive therapy: A metacognitive analysis and ten techniques. Journal of Rational-Emtive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 337-355.
Yap, M. B. H, Allen, N. B., & Sheeber, L. (2007). Using an emotion regulation framework to understand the role of temperament and family processes in risk for adolescent depressive disorders. Clinical Child &Family Psychology, 10(2), 180-196.
Zelazo, P. D., Qu, L., & Kesek, A. C. (2010). Hot executive function: emotion and the development of cognitive control. In S. D. Calkins & M. A. Bell(Eds.), Child Development at the intersection of emotion and cognition (pp. 97-111). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.