본 연구는 유자녀 직장여성이 다중역할을 경험하는데 경험의 질(긴장감과 이득)에 따라 어떤 하위집단들이 존재하는지 군집분석을 통해 살펴보고, 분석을 통해 도출된 하위집단들의 심리적인 특성(우울, 삶의 만족도, 일-가정 균형감) 및 가정환경, 근로환경에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 참여자는 대부분 전일제로 근무를 하는 동시에 막내 자녀의 나이가 초등학생 이하인 196명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 참여자들은 자기 보고식 설문지를 실시하였다. 이들을 대상으로 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 3개의 하위집단으로 구분되었다. 군집1은 ‘다중역할 갈등형’으로 다중역할을 수행하는데 있어서 긴장감을 많이 느끼는 집단이었다. 심리적 특성을 보면, 삶의 만족도가 낮고 우울감은 높으며 일-가정 균형감은 낮았다. 가정 환경적 특성 중 가사와 양육에 대한 본인 부담 비율이 세 군집 중 가장 높은 집단이었다. 군집2는 ‘다중 역할 강화형’으로 다중역할을 수행하는데 있어서 이득을 느끼는 집단이었다. 심리적 특성을 보면, 삶의 만족도가 높고 우울감은 낮으며 일-가정 균형감에 대한 평가는 높았다. 가정 환경적 특성 중 가사 일에 대한 본인 부담 비율은 세 집단 중 가장 낮았다. 군집3은 다중역할에 대해 이득이나 긴장감 중 어느 한쪽으로 치우치지 않는 집단으로 ‘다중역할 중립형’으로 명명하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 각 군집에 대한 특성에 대한 해석과 함께 시사점, 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
The present study examined the subgroups of working mothers divided by work-family gains, work-family strains, work-parenting gains and work-parenting strains. Results from a cluster analysis with a sample of married and employed women with the youngest children under 12 years old (N=196) indicated the presence of three clusters. Cluster 1 was characterized by greater multiple role strains, lower satisfaction with life, a higher depression score, and more difficulties in work-family balance. This group also reported taking more responsibilities for household chores and parenting. Therefore, this group was named ‘multiple role conflicts type’. By contrast, Cluster 2 showed the characteristics of greater multiple role gains, more satisfaction with life, a lower depression score, and more balance in work-family roles. Individuals in this cluster also reported less responsibilities for household chores and parenting. Based on these characteristics, Cluster 2 was named ‘multiple role enrichment type’. Finally, Cluster 3 showed an average level of multiple role gains and strains. Based on these characteristics, Cluster 3 was named ‘multiple role neutral type’. The implications and suggestion for future studies were discussed.
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