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메뉴The purposes of this study were to examine the effects conflict of adult children and coping styles on mid to late adulthood women' depression. The participants were 35 depressive patients and 40 normal persons. Data were analyzed with t-test and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: first, depressive patients experienced more emotional and value conflict of adult children. Also these used more primary coping strategy and less secondary coping strategy. Second, stepwise multiple regression analysis showed emotional and value conflict of adult children and positive reappraisal coping strategy explained 73% variance of depression in women. Third, in depression group, two conflict of adult children, positive reappraisal coping strategy, effort and skill investment strategy explained 72% variance of depression. In normal group. only lowering aspiration secondary copying strategy was significant factor, explained 10% variance of depression. Finally, implication and limitation of this study and suggestion for future studies were discussed.
This study was to examine how perpetrators and victims in sexual violence were blamed according to participants’ gender, victim’s clothing style, and levles of alcohol consumption. In Study 1, the extent of provocativeness for the clothing styles, the intoxication level by drinking alcohol, and the applicability of nonstranger rape scenarios were validated through asking the participants (41 men & 47 women) to evaluate them. In Study 2, the other participants (479 men & 465 women) were randomly assigned into one of four clothing styles and one of four drinking levels to investigate the attributions of blame and responsibility about sexual violence. Participants’ age and rape myth, hostile sexism were controlled as covariates in analyzing data. The general findings were that men blamed the perpetrator more than women, while women blamed the victim more than men. In addition, both men and women tended to blame the victim more severely when the victim drank more and put on more provocative clothes. The findings suggest that men and women would stick to the sexual double standard.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parents attachment on the adolescent sexual harassment attitude. It was established the study modeling which shows the direct effect of attachment and the indirect effect of the mediate empathy variables which can mediate parents attachment and adolescent sexual harassment attitude. The questionnaire has carried out for 797 high school students. After exploring the fitness about the study modeling through a structural equation modeling approach, it presented that the study modeling could fully explain the data, showing a good fitness. Parent attachment has influenced on adolescent sexual harassment attitude in the indirect way. Looking on the side of indirect effect, parents attachment has a positive effect on empathy and empathy has a positive effect on adolescent sexual harassment attitude. The more they had secure attachment with parents, the more they were right sexual harassment attitude. It is suggested that adolescents need to have opportunities which they can experience attachment in home, school, and community throughout their lives.
The purpose of this study was to understand the conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law in multicultural families. The subjects were 7 mother-in-laws who have foreign daughter-in-law in agricultural region. The interview data were analyzed by phenomenological research method(Colaizzi, 1978). The result proposed 8 categories(failed expectation, anxiety of running away of daughter-in-law, economic problems, serving master, suffering in silence, social prejudices and discrimination, difficulties of mediator, and pitiful my life) and 17 themes for the conflict between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. Among them, anxiety of running away of daughter-in-law and social prejudice and discrimination of multicultural family by korean society revealed mother-in-laws are experiencing important factors. Also, they feel high anxiety and tend to experience psychological withdrawal and burden. Because of these psychological characteristics, they are apt to be exposed problems of serious mental health such as depression and suicide thought. Finally, based on these findings, we suggest the intervention about mental health for mother-in-laws of multicultural families.
Economic pressure narrows social cognition that facilitates coping with marital conflict as well as couple intimacy. Thus this study examined the marital processes linking economic pressure to the cognitive-behavioral mechanism, i.e., taking multiple perspectives(MP) and conflict response behaviors(CRB) that, in turn, affect couple intimacy among 183 low-income couples residing in Seoul. Given the gender differences in biobehavioral responses to stress as marked by a pattern of “tend-and-befriend” among women and of “fight-or-flight” among men this study also investigated how such causal paths differ across gender. As expected, results of structural equation modeling analyses supported a full mediation model for the husband. In this group, economic pressure was linked to less of MP that, in turn, caused both the decrease of constructive CRB and the increase of negative CRB, thus resulting in the reduction of couple intimacy. For the wife, data supported a partial mediation model in which the direct effect of economic pressure on couple intimacy was significant. In the wife group economic pressure did not contract MP, as suggested by the stress response theory, and directly reduced constructive CRB that, in turn, affected couple intimacy. Although within both groups, MP, as expected, promoted constructive CRB and decreased negative CRB, suggesting its potential as a psychological resource, its positive effect was cancelled out in the husband group due to the impact of economic pressure. However, in the wife group, MP significantly contributed to couple intimacy through constructive CRB. Results of the multigroup analyses suggested a significant gender difference in only one path leading from negative CRB to couple intimacy. While negative CRB decreased couple intimacy significantly among the husband, it did not show such an effect among the wife. Finally, based on these results, implications for theory development and directions for future studies were discussed.
This study attempted to find a pathway of influence among maternal insecure adult attachment, mentalization, negative emotion in terms of anxiety and depression, and maternal psychological control. Based on review of relevant literature, this study proposed a structural equation model where maternal ability for mentalization as measured by emotional regulation mediates the relationship between insecure adult attachment and negative emotion and psychological control. Results based on a sample of 357 mothers in their 30's and 40's with their first child in 4th through 9th grade, indicated that the hypothesized theoretical model had the best model fit. The adopted model indicates that the influence of attachment anxiety on psychological control was mediated by mentalization and negative emotion. The attachment avoidance, however, had no significant influence on mentalization but had significant effect on negative emotion, which, in turn significantly influenced maternal psychological control. These results indicated that for attachment anxiety, mentalization is a protective factor for negative emotion and maternal psychological control. Also, the link between mentalization and maternal psychological control was partially mediated by negative emotion. The findings also suggest separate and independent pathways of influence for attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Importance of mentalization as buffering the effect of insecure attachment on psychological control, and effect of maternal negative emotion on psychological control toward adolescent children are discussed. Limitations of current study and suggestions for future investigations are included in the discussion.
This study attempted to understand awareness for the overall need of family counseling and aims at providing a direction of support for family counseling that is leveled at married immigrant women and their families. To achieve this, this study analyzed data from the 2010 National Multicultural Families Survey, which was conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Frequency, distribution, and hierarchical multipleregression analyses on demographic variables, Korean language skills, social support, satisfaction of family relations, and experience of family counseling were conducted in view that these were factors that affected awareness for family counseling, with a total of 58,072 immigrant women who came to Korea. The results of this study are as follows: First, Korean language skills, social support, satisfaction of family relations, the study revealed that subjects recognized the need for family counseling as moderate and their Korean language skills were also moderate. Social supporters did not exceed more than two people including from both Koreans and their country natives, and subjects were satisfied with the relationships to their spouse, children, and parents in-law. Second, there were differences in opinion between the nationalities of the married immigrant women regarding the need for family counseling. Third, the following is the result of the influence of the awareness of the need for family counseling based on the demographic variables of the existence or non-existence of Korean language ability, social support, satisfactory family relationships and previous experience of family counseling.
In order to understand the gender differences in factors affecting willingness for self-sufficiency, this study examined the level of willingness for self-sufficiency of 424 male and female program participants from 36 local self-sufficiency centers nation-wide in Korea, and investigated the factors affecting willingness for self-sufficiency. The results show that, in the male group, age, debt, and family support were statistically significantly associated with willingness for self-sufficiency while depressed mood, professionals’ support, and family support were significantly associated in the female group. While males’ willingness for self-sufficiency were found to be higher with older age, possessing no debt, and higher family support, femails’ willingness for self-sufficiency were found to be higher when they felt less depressed, and received more support from professionals and their family. Based on these findings, it was confirmed that family support played an important role both in male and female participants, and was found that different factors were associated with willingness for self-sufficiency in male and female program participants. It was also discussed that policy and micro-level intervention need to consider the gender differences in promoting willingness for self-sufficiency.
This study is of middle-aged women regarding reading phenomenological study of treatment experience, and it is to understand how the life of the middle-aged women through the experience of bibliotherapy had changed. To this end, in-depth interviews conducted in 6 middle-aged women, the experiences of the participants were collected. The data collected in accordance with Colaizzi method of phenomenological analysis and it is essentially about the experiences of the participants to focus on the structure and common property. Bibliotherapy made them look into their inner world experience and notice their painful issues in life and uncomfortable phenomenon which is repeatedly exposed. Bibliotherapy was the beginning of life-changing experience, the inner process to aware and express their suppressed emotions. In the process, the mediums were their emotional identification with the books and group cohesiveness. By the experience, the middle-aged women began to look back their lives in a different way and solve their psychological issues and outlook on life was able to expand. In addition, changes in interpersonal relationships have thus could be, they were able to live independent lives. On existential poblems, their unhealthy native family experience and collective family culture don’t affect only on their relationships within family members but also on their social relationships. This suggests that the effect of bibliotherapy, one of psychotherapy techniques could be seen as that.
A current study was conducted to provide the basic data for helping to understand male AIDS patients and their adaptation to the society by analyzing experiences during the processes from the period of first diagnosis to the period of social adaptation. Therefore, in-death interviews were carried out in the form of open and semi-structured questionnaires to 10 male AIDS patients who were maintaining healthy social activities. The questionnaires include: “How did you accept the disease?” and “What was your motivation for social adaptation?”, and “What factors helped you to adapt to the society?” Based on the Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method, meaningful statements extracted from the original data were classified as subjects and subject groups. The results were composed of 25 subjects, 10 subject groups, and 4 categories of chaos, barriers of conflict, returning to the life and accompanied life. The patients diagnosed with AIDS have been experienced in changes of relationships and financial difficulties as the barriers of conflict. However, they started to communicate with the society and have the social adaptation once they were provided with some help and counseling from other people. Consequently, a series of experiences played a significant role as turning points and driving forces in their lives, and thus they had an accompanied life as one of the society members. We suggest a further study on female AIDS patients to compare and contrast with the results from the current study, and a development of counseling manual for helping the psychological stability and social adaptation for those who suffer from the early-stage diagnosis of AIDS based on sex differences.