open access
메뉴The purpose of this study was to examine the dual mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict(work to family interfering) in the relationship between subordinates’ emotional labor(surface acting) and life satisfaction. A total of 547 employees working at various companies in Korea participated in an on-line survey, 357 data were used for statistical analysis after the elimination of inadequate sample including unmarried persons. In order to examine the dual mediation model, structural equation modeling was conducted through AMOS programs. The results demonstrated that the model of a full mediation effect of emotional exhaustion and work-family conflict was supported. And latent mean analysis showed that females has significantly higher work-family conflict than males while there was no significant gender differences in other variables(surface acting, emotional exhaustion, life satisfaction) as well as path coefficients. On the basis of the results, the implications and future research directions were discussed.
가영희 (2006). 성인의 직장-가정갈등이 영역별만족도와 주관적 삶의 질에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 11(2), 163-186.
고재원, 남기덕 (2009). 시간-기반적 직장-가정갈등경험에 미치는 성역할 고정관념의 영향. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 22(3), 373-397.
국제뉴스, 2015년 7월 15일자
권동균, 김명소, 한영석 (2015). 상사에 대한정서노동이 직무탈진과 직무열의에 미치는 영향: 조직지원인식의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 28(3), 457-480.
권혜림 (2010). 기혼 경찰공무원의 직장-가정갈등이 직무만족에 미치는 영향. 한국경찰연구, 9(4), 3-26.
김명소, 김혜원, 한영석, 임지영 (2003). 한국인의 행복한 삶에 대한 인구통계학적 특성별 분석. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 22(2), 1-33.
김문숙, 김예실, 이순묵 (2014). 정서노동과 직무관련 변수들 간 관계: 메타분석. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 27(4), 683-717.
김상구 (2009). 공공부문의 감정노동: 일선행정민원공무원에 대한 실증연구. 지방정부연구, 13(1), 51-70.
김주환, 김민규, 홍세희 (2009). 구조방정식모형으로 논문쓰기. 커뮤니케이션북스
김주환, 김은주, 홍세희 (2006). 한국 남녀 중학생 집단에서 자기결정성이 학업성취도에 주는 영향. 교육심리연구, 20(1), 243-264
노동환경건강연구소 (2013). 민간, 공공 서비스산업 감정노동 종사자 건강실태조사.
문영주 (2013). 사회복지 종사자의 감정노동전략, 표현규칙, 감정노동 차원이 감정부조화에 미치는 영향: 성별의 조절효과를중심으로. 한국거버넌스학회보, 20(3), 275-303.
박건우, 김명소, 한영석 (2014). 상사에 대한정서노동의 예측변인 탐색 및 직무소진과의 관계모형 검증. 한국심리학회지: 산업및 조직, 27(1), 267-290.
박상언 (2014). 직장-가정 갈등이 심리적 안녕과 감정노동에 미치는 영향. 조직과 인사관리연구, 38(2), 81-111.
박상언, 신다혜 (2011). 감정노동과 직장-가정갈등: 직무소진의 두 영향요인에 대한 실증연구. 인사․조직연구, 19(1), 227-266.
배병렬 (2011). Amos 19 구조방정식 모델링의원리와 실제. 도서출판 청람.
신강현 (2003). 일반직 종사자를 위한 직무소진 척도(MBI-GS)에 대한 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 16(3), 1-17.
이데일리 뉴스, 2015년 2월 10일자
이 랑, 김완석, 신강현 (2006). 직무탈진과 직무열의의 요구-자원 모델에서 정서노동전략의 역할: 콜센터 상담원을 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 19(4), 573-596.
이명신, 이훈구 (1997). 주관적 삶의 질에 나타난 성차의 원인. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 2(1), 89-101.
장재윤 (2004). 직무특성과 직장-가정 간 갈등이 조직에 대한 애착 및 조직시민행동에미치는 효과: 성차를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 17(1), 107-125.
장재윤, 김혜숙 (2003). 직장-가정간 갈등이 삶의 만족 및 직무 태도에 미치는 효과에있어서의 성차: 우리나라 관리직 공무원들을 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및사회문제, 9(1), 23-42.
정지희 (2013). 표현, 경험정서 차이로 평가한 정서노동의 유형 및 차별적 효과. 성균관대학교 일반대학원 석사학위 논문.
조선비즈, 2015년 7월 24일자
차경호 (1999). 대학생들의 주관적 안녕감과 개인중심주의-집단중심주의 성향과의 관계. 한국청소년연구, 10(2), 193-216.
최대정, 최가영, 박동건 (2005). 리더의 정서표현이 팀 구성원의 정서경험에 미치는영향: 정서규범과 정체화 수준의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(2), 201-224.
허창구, 신강현, 양수현 (2010). 직장-가정 갈등이 직무탈진 및 가정만족에 미치는 영향:성차에 따른 다집단 분석. 한국심리학회지:여성, 15(1), 103-128.
홍세희 (2000). 구조 방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지:임상, 19(1), 161-177.
황선주, 전병준 (2014). 상사의 비인격적 감독이 직장내 일탈행동에 미치는 영향: 조직지원인식의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국HRD연구, 9(3), 1-24.
Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, job, bodies: A theory of gendered organization. Gender & Society, 4(2), 139-158.
Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2000). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: a review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 278-308.
Anderson, S. E., Coffey, B. S., & Byerly, R. T. (2002). Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work- family conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of Management, 28(6), 787-810.
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Dollard, M. F. (2008). How job demands affect partners'experience of exhaustion: Integrating work-family conflict and crossover theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(4), 901-911.
Beal, D. J., Trougakos, J. P., Weiss, H. M., & Green, S. G. (2006). Episodic processes in emotional labor: Perceptions of affective delivery and regulation strategies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1053-1065.
Bono, J. E., Foldes, H. J., Vinson, G., & Muros, J. P. (2007). Workplace emotions: The role of supervision and leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1357-1367.
Brotheridge, C. M., & Lee, R. T. (2002). Testing a conservation of resources model of the dynamics of emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(1), 57-67.
Brotheridge, C. M., & Lee, R. T. (2003). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(3), 365-379.
Burch, G. F., Batchelor, J. H., & Humphrey, R. H. (2013). Emotional labor for enterpreneurs:A natural and necessary extension. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 331-336.
Byron, K. (2005). A meta-anytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 169-198.
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., & Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276.
Carlson, D., Ferguson, M., Hunter, E., & Whitten, D. (2012). Abusive supervision and workfamily conflict: The path through emotional labor and burnout. The Leadership Quarterly, 23, 849-859.
Chen, Z., & Powell, G. N. (2012). No pain, no gain? A resource-based model of work-to-family enrichment and conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(1), 89-98.
Cheung, F. Y. L., & Tang, C. S. K. (2009). Quality of work life as a mediator between emotional labor and work family interference. Journal of Business and Psychology, 24(3), 245-255.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis: A computer program. Routledge.
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. The Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621-656.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Bulters, A. J. (2004). The loss spiral of work pressure, work –home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 131-149.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychology Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985a). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Diener, E., Larson, R. J., Levine, S., & Emmons, R. A. (1985b). Intensity and frequency:Dimensions underlying positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(5), 1253-1265.
Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex difference in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawarence Erlbaum.
Eby, L. T., Maher, C. P., & Butts, M. M. (2010). The intersection of work and family life: The role of affect. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 599-622.
Erickson, R. J., & Ritter, C. (2001). Emotional labor, burnout, and inauthenticity: Does gender matter?. Social Psychology Quarterly, 64(2), 146-163.
Fischer, R., & Boer, D. (2011). What is more important for national well-being: money or autonomy? A meta-analysis of well-being, burnout, and anxiety across 63 societies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(1), 164-184.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65-78.
Gardner, W. L., Fischer, D., & Hunt, J. G. (2009). Emotional labor and leadership: A threat to authenticity? The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 466-482.
Gopalan, N., Culbertson, S. S., & Leiva, P. I. (2013). Explaining emotional labor's relationships with emotional exhaustion and life satisfaction: moderating role of perceived autonomy. Universitas Psychologica, 12(2), 347-356.
Grandey, A. A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95-110.
Grandey, A. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). The conservation of resources model applied to work–family conflict and strain. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2), 350-370.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
Gross, J. J. (1998a). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 224-237.
Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation process:implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
Hall, G. B., Dollard, M. F., Tuckey, M. R., Winefield, A. H., & Thompson, B. M. (2010). Job demands, work‐family conflict, and emotional exhaustion in police officers: A longitudinal test of competing theories. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 237-250.
Hancock, G. R. (1997). Structural equation modeling methods of hypothesis testing of latent variable means. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 30(2), 91-105.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50(3), 337-421.
Hochschild, A. R. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 551-575.
Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart, Berkely & Losanfels. CA: University of California Press.
Hong, S., Malik, M. L., & Lee, M. (2003) Testing configural, metric, scalar, and latent mean invariance across genders in sociotropy and autonomy using a non-western sample. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(4), 636-645.
Hülsheger, U. R., & Schewe, A. F. (2011). On the costs and benefits emotional labor: A meta-anlysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 361-389.
Jackson, S. E., & Maslach, C. (1982). After-effects of job related stress: Families as victims. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 3(1), 63-77.
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: the role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17-34.
Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. Oxford, England: Jhon Wiley.
Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-family conflict, polices, and the job-life satisfaction relationship: A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 139-149.
Maslach, C. (1978). The client role in staff burn-out. Journal of Social Issues, 34(4), 111-124.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory manual(3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. J. Drenth, H. Thierry, & C. J. deWolf(Eds.), Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology(Volume, 2). Engand: Psychology Press/ Erlbaum/ Taylor & Francis.
Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 215-232.
Montgomery, A. J., Panagopolou, E., & Benos, A. (2006). Work-family interference as a mediator between job demands and job burnout among doctors. Stress and Health, 22(3), 203-212.
Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1996). The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 986-1010.
Noor, N. M., & Zainuddin, M. (2011). Emotional labor and burnout among female teachers:Work-family conflict as mediator. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 14(4), 283-293.
OECD (2015). OECD Emoployment outlook 2015.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164-172.
Pugliesi, K. (1999). The consequences of emotional labor: Effect on work stress, job satisfaction, and well-being. Motivation and Emotion, 23(2), 125-154.
Purvanova, R. K., & Muros, J. P. (2010). Gender differences in burnout: A meta-analysis. Journal or Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 168-185.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57(6), 1069-1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(4), 719.
Sanz-Vergel, A. I., Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2012). The daily spillover and crossover of emotional labor:Faking emotions at work and at home. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 81(2), 209-217.
Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1996). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Test Manual (3rd edn). Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983). Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being:informative and directive functions of affective states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(3), 513.
Seery, B. L., Corrigall, E. A., & Harpel, T. (2008). Job-related emotional labor and its relationship to work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 29(3), 461-477.
Thompson, B. L., Waltz, J., Croyle, K., & Pepper, A. C. (2007). Trait meta-mood and affect as predictors of somatic symptoms and life satisfaction. Personality and individual Differences, 43(7), 1786-1795.
Thompson, B. M., Kirk, A., & Brown, D. F. (2005). Work based support, emotional exhaustion, and spillover of work stress to the family environment: A study of policewomen. Stress and Health, 21(3), 199-207.
Voydanoff, P. (2004). The effects of work demands and resources on work‐to‐family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(2), 398-412.
Wagner, D. T., Barnes, C. M., & Scott, B. A. (2014). Driving it home: How workplace emotional labor harms employee home life. Personnel Psychology, 67(2), 487-516.
Wu, T. Y., & Hu, C. (2013). Abusive supervision and subordinate emotional labor: the moderating role of openness personality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43(5), 956-970.
Yanchus, N. J., Eby, L. T., Lance, C. E., & Drollinger, S. (2010). The impact of emotional labor on work-family outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76(1), 105-117.