This research examined the moderating effect of Work-Family Conflict on the relation between job burnout and housework burnout for married female counselors in South Korea. To distinguish the direction of the relation between job burnout and housework burnout, two types of moderating effect were analyzed using SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, there was a positive relation between job burnout and housework burnout. Next, the effect of housework burnout on job burnout was moderated by the level of work→family conflict. However, family→work conflict did not moderate the effect of job burnout on housework burnout. Implications, future research directions and limitations of the study were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relations among perceived mother's autonomy support, conditional regard, autonomous motivation and prosocial behavior. This study investigated whether autonomous motivation mediates the otherwise direct effects that perceived mother's autonomy support and conditional regard have on prosocial behavior. One-hundred and sixty six students self-reported their class-specific perceived mother's autonomy support, conditional regard, autonomous motivation and prosocial behavior. Structural analyses showed that autonomy support contributed positively to autonomous motivation while conditional regard(conditional positive regard and conditional negative regard) contributed positively controlled motivation; autonomous motivation in turn contributed positively to prosocial behavior while controlled motivation contributed negatively to prosocial behavior. Test for mediation showed that autonomous motivation mediated the direct effect autonomy support had on prosocial behavior.; while controlled motivation mediated the direct effect conditional regard had prosocial behavior.
The purpose of the current study was to examine the impacts of cognitive factors such as sociotropy and autonomy as cognitive structures, ruminative response style as a cognitive process and co-rumination as a social process on persistence of depressive symptoms and identify gender differences on the relationship among constructs in a six months longitudinal study. The final participants were 718(female 308, male 410). The result showed that first, female adolescents’ depressive symptoms were showed high readings after 6 months. Second, there was indirect effects of sociotropy and ruminative response style and negative indirect effect of co-rumination on six months later depressive symptoms Also, there was no effect of autonomy on initial and six months later depressive symptoms. Third, there was only a significant gender differences of the effect of co-rumination on six months later depressive symptoms. These results confirmed that sociotropy and ruminative response style are the vulnerability factors for the onset and persistence of adolescents’ depressive symptoms but co-rumination is a protective factor for depressive symptoms. Thus, It was confirmed that impacts of the personality vulnerability factors of sociotropy and autonomy, ruminative response style and co-rumination on the depressive symptoms of adolescent in a longitudinal study.
The present study examined the association between gender role and responses to trauma with biological sex as a moderator within a sample of 158 undergraduate students. An experience of trauma was experimentally-induced using a video clip that contained material related to a real-life, violent crime. Individuals’ depression, anxiety, anger and hostility were assessed before and after watching the traumatic video. In addition, trauma history was included in the analysis as a covariate. Results from regression models revealed that there was no main effect of gender role on responses to trauma, whereas interactive effects of gender role and sex were significant. Specifically, higher femininity predicted higher levels of post-trauma depression in females, and higher femininity and higher masculinity predicted lower levels of post-trauma hostility in females. Theoretical and clinical implications of this study are discussed.
There is a common belief that women's refusal in sexual behavior situations is not a true one. In this respect, this study aims to identify why women refuse to accept men's proposal to sexual interaction in sexual behavior situations and whether there is a difference in evaluated reason why women refuse such a proposal between men and women. Sexual behavior scenarios were presented to 152 male and female college students and asked to describe the reason why women refused as freely as they wanted. Based on this, questionable items on why women refused were organized and then sexual behavior situational scenarios were presented to 536 male and female college students and asked to evaluate the importance of the reason of women's refusal. As a result of factor analysis, the reason why women refused men's proposal could be classified into six sub-factors: ‘sense of chastity,’ ‘gender role norm,’ ‘manipulation,’ ‘relational changes,’ ‘lack of communion,’ and ‘practical issues.’ Female participants evaluated that the woman in a scenario refused man's sexual proposal for ‘sense of chastity,’ ‘relational changes,’ and ‘practical issue’ reasons more than male participants. On the other hand, male participants evaluated that the woman in the scenario refused man's sexual proposal for ‘gender role norm’ and ‘manipulation’ reasons more than female participants. Such a result was discussed with difference in sexual communication between men and women.