바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology

A Phenomenological Approach Based on Female Ex-offenders' Parenting Experiences During and After Incarceration

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to understand the parenting experience of female ex-offenders during and after incarceration. Giorgi's phenomenological method was employed to deduct 12 components and 32 subcomponents from statements of deep interviews of 9 participants. Participants are female ex-offenders who had housing support or job training of Korea Rehabilitation Agency under Ministry of Justice. The components are: "Concern for children's aftereffect due to maternal incarceration", "Reproaching oneself and feeling shame for own incarceration", "people who fulfill the needs of my vacancy", "concern for opening up to one's children of their maternal incarceration", "children as reasons for living", "the aftermath of maternal incarceration on children", "occupying mother's position after releasing from prison", "a fresh start after incarceration", "confronting the family conflict after incarceration", "after the storm comes the calm", "national Ex-offender support services to minimize mother's absence", and "hopes of getting government support with regard to parenting". The discussion and implication were provided based on the results of this study.

keywords
Female, the process of incarceration and releasing from prison, parenting, Giorgi, phenomenological study, 여성, 수감생활 및 출소 후 과정, 자녀양육, Giorgi, 현상학적 연구

Reference

1.

구규옥 (2007). 교정시설 수용자 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 요인. 아주대학교 석사학위논문.

2.

구현경, 김종남 (2014). 내현적 자기애와 심리적 부적응의 관계: 내면화된 수치심, 부적응적 완벽주의, 지각된 사회적 지지의 매개효과. 상담학연구, 15(2), 609-636.

3.

굿모닝충청 (2016. 1. 21). “오갈 곳 없는 출소자들... 후속 범죄로 이어져”

4.

기광도 (2011). 초등학생 비행의 성차분석. 형사정책연구, 86, 5-30.

5.

김인숙 (1992). 여성출소자들의 재사회화에 관한 연구. 한국형사정책학회, 6, 9-31.

6.

남현주, 윤형식, 이태영, 신채영, 이동훈 (2013). 한부모 가정 청소년 자녀의 발달과 적응에 관한 최근 연구동향 고찰. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 18(1), 129-168.

7.

마이데일리 (2008. 8. 18). “여성 출소자 자립,”희망” 있어도 “현실벽” 높다”

8.

박경숙 (2013). 문제는 무기력이다. 서울: 와이즈베리.

9.

박선영 (2009). 여성 수형자의 성공적인 사회복귀를 위한 성별 차이를 고려한(genderresponsive)프로그램 개발의 필요성-미국여성 수형자의 사례. 대한범죄학회, 3(2), 41-66.

10.

박선영, 신연희 (2012). 수용자 자녀문제에 관한 미국과 영국의 사례분석과 우리나라의 대응방안. 연구총서, 2012(3), 1-270.

11.

박영숙 (2007). 여성 수형자의 자녀와의 관계강화를 위한 교정복지의 방향. 교정복지연구, 10, 39-63.

12.

배다현 (2008). 여성재소자들의 정신건강 상태와정신건강 서비스 욕구에 관한 연구. 한동대학교 석사학위 논문.

13.

배다현, 신성만 (2008). 여성 재소자들의 정신건강 상태와 정신건강 서비스 욕구에 관한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 13(4), 479-497.

14.

법무연수원 (2014). 여성통계 2013. 법무연수원.

15.

신연희 (2002). 기혼 여자재소자에 대한 연구. 이화여자대학교 박사학위논문.

16.

신연희 (2015). 부모의 교도소 수용에 따른 자녀들의 문제행동 관련요인-출소준비 수형자 및 출소자 대상 조사, 한국아동복지학, 51, 219-249.

17.

양소영 (2002). 편부모 가족 아동을 대상으로 한해결 중심 집단상담프로그램의 효과에 관한연구. 신라대학교 사회정책대학원 석사학위논문.

18.

윤지영 (2012). 젠더의 관점에서 본 여성수형자 처우의 문제점과 개선방안. 이화젠더법학, 4(1), 97-121.

19.

이동훈, 신지영, 오혜영, 박성현 (2015). 출소자의 가정복원 과정에 관한 교정전문가의인식. 한국가족복지학, 20(3), 499-530.

20.

이동훈, 신지영, 조은정, 김진주 (2016). 수감생활 및 출소 후 과정에서 여성출소자의 삶과 가족관계 경험. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 21(1), 81-108.

21.

이미정, 박승민 (2015). 상담수련과정에서 상담자의 자기 발달 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구. 상담학연구, 16(1), 1-29.

22.

이수정, 양원석 (2011). 여성의 범죄자화 과정에 대한 소고. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 30(3), 909-932.

23.

이영란 (2003). 여성범죄인의 수형생활 적응 과정. 전북대학교 석사학위논문.

24.

이윤호 (2002). 교정학개론. 서울: 박영사.

25.

이인숙, 최해림 (2005). 내면화된 수치심 척도의 타당화 연구-애착, 과민성 자기애, 외로움과의 관계, 한국심리학회지: 상담 및심리치료, 17(3). 651-670.

26.

전영실, 신연희, 김영식 (2007). 수형자 가족관계 건강성 실태조사 및 향상방안 연구. 서울: 한국형사정책연구원.

27.

정은, 신민정 (2014). 무기력의 심리에 관한신경과학적 접근. 교육의 이론과 실천, 10(3), 115-145.

28.

정은영, 신희천 (2014). 수치심 경험이 우울에미치는 영향: 자기수용의 조절효과. 상담학연구, 15(1), 183-194.

29.

조은경, 이인영 (2003). 구금시설 내 여성수용자 인권 실태조사. 국가인권위원회.

30.

조병준, 이희정 (2009). 여성수용자와 자녀의관계 개선을 위한 프로그램에 관한 연구. 교정연구, 44, 221-241.

31.

차훈진, 정우일 (2009). 여성수형자 처우 개선방안에 관한 연구. 한국공안행정학회, 38, 285-314.

32.

최영신 (2009). 우리나라 수형자 사회복귀과정의 단계와 지원 방안. 형사정책연구, 77, 997-1018.

33.

최영신, 황정임 (2006). 여성 출소자의 사회적응지원 방안 연구. 연구총서 06-24. 서울: 한국형사정책연구원.

34.

최인선, 최한나 (2013). 내현적 자기애가 사회불안에 미치는 영향: 내면화된 수치심과사회적 자기효능감의 매개효과. 상담학연구, 14(5), 2799-2815.

35.

최인섭, 전영실 (1992). 여성범죄의 실태에 관한 연구. 형사정책연구원 총서, 15-204.

36.

한영주, 이희진 (2012). 여고생의 신체에 대한수치심과 섭식행동관계에서 자기용서의매개효과. 상담학연구, 13(6), 3111-3129.

37.

Adalist-Estrin, A., Mustin, J., & Network, C. (2003). Introduction to children of prisoners. Children of Prisoners Library.

38.

Andrews, B., Qian, M., & Valentine. J. D. (2002). Predicting depressive symptoms with a new measure of shame: The experience of shame scale. British Journal of Psychology, 41, 29-42.

39.

Bates, R. E. (2004). Women prisoners and recidivism:Factors associated with re-arrest one year post-release. Chicago: University of Illinois at Chicago.

40.

Baunach, P. J. (1979). Mothering from behind prison walls. In annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Philadelphia, PA.

41.

Beckerman, A. (1991). Women in prison: The conflict between confinement and parental rights. Social Justice, 18(45), 171-183.

42.

Cho, R. M. (2009). The impact of maternal imprisonment on children’s educational achievement results from children in Chicago public schools. Journal of Human Resources, 44(3), 772-797.

43.

Coll, C. G., Miller, J. B., Fields, J. P., & Mathews, B. (1998). The experiences of women in prison: Implications for services and prevention. Women & Therapy, 20(4), 11-28.

44.

Covington, S., & Bloom, B. (2003). Gendered justice: Women in the criminal justice system. Gendered justice: Addressing female offenders, 3-23.

45.

Dallaire, D. H. (2007). Incarcerated mothers and fathers: A comparison of risks for children and families. Family relations, 56(5), 440-453.

46.

Dallaire, D. H., Zeman, J. L., & Thrash, T. M. (2015). Children's experiences of maternal incarceration-specific risks: Predictions to psychological maladaptation. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(1), 109-122.

47.

Elizabath C. P., Risa K., & Eileen A. (1998). Meeting the Mental Health Needs of Incarcerated Women, Health & Social Work, 23(1), 71-75.

48.

Enos, S. (2001). Mothering from the inside: Parenting in a women's prison. SUNY Press.

49.

Ferraro, K. J., & Moe, A. M. (2003). Mothering, crime, and incarceration. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 32(1), 9-40.

50.

Foster, H., & Hagan, J. (2013). Maternal and paternal imprisonment in the stress process. Social Science Research, 42(3), 650-669.

51.

Fox, G. L. (1981). The family and the ex-offender:Potentials for rehabilitation. New directions in the rehabilitation of criminal offenders, 406-423.

52.

Gabel, K., & Johnston, D. (1995). Children of incarcerated parents. Lexington Books.

53.

Giorgi, A. (1985). Phenomenology and psychological research. Duquesne University Press.

54.

Giorgi, A. (2002). The question of validity in qualitative research. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 33(1), 1-18.

55.

Giorgi, A. (2004). 현상학과 심리학 연구 (신경림, 장연집, 박인숙, 김미영, 정승은 역). 서울: 현문사(원전은 1985 년 출판).

56.

Gonzalez, P., Romero, T., & Cerbana, C. B. (2007). Parent education program for incarcerated mothers in Colorado. Journal of Correctional Education, 357-373.

57.

Greene, S., Haney, C., & Hurtado, A. (2000). Cycles of pain: Risk factors in the lives of incarcerated mothers and their children. The Prison Journal, 80(1), 3-23.

58.

Hagen, K. A., & Myers, B. J. (2003). The effect of secrecy and social support on behavioral problems in children of incarcerated women. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 12(2), 229-242.

59.

Hairston, C. F. (1990). Men in prison: Family characteristics and parenting views. Journal of Offender Counseling Services Rehabilitation, 14(1), 23-30.

60.

Hale, D. C. (1988). The impact of mothers'incarceration on the family system: Research and recommendations. Marriage & Family Review, 12(1-2), 143-154.

61.

Hasting, M. E., Northman, L. M., & Tangney, J. P. (2000). Shame, guilt, and suicide. In T. Joiner & M. D. Rudd (Eds.), Suicide science:Expanding the boundaries. Boston: Kluwer Academic.

62.

Hawkins, D. F. (1995). Ethnicity, race, and crime:Perspectives across time and place. SUNY Press.

63.

Henriques, Z. W. (1982). Imprisoned mothers and their children: A descriptive and analytical study. Washington, DC: University Press of America.

64.

Hostetter, E. C., & Jinnah, D. T. (1993). Families of adult prisoners. Washington, DC: Prison Fellowship Ministries.

65.

Huebner, B. M., & Gustafson, R. (2007). The effect of maternal incarceration on adult offspring involvement in the criminal justice system. Journal of Criminal Justice, 35(3), 283-296.

66.

Kampfner, C. J. (1995). Post-traumatic stress reactions in children of imprisoned mothers. Children of incarcerated parents, 89-100.

67.

Kampfner, C. J. (1995). Children of incarcerated parents. New York, NY : Lexington.

68.

Leapheart, P. (1997). A review of institutional programs addressing the needs of incarcerated females and their children.

69.

Leskela, J., Dieperink, M., & Thuras, P. (2002). Shame and posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15(3), 223-226.

70.

Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry (Vol. 75). Sage.

71.

MacCoon, D. G., & Newman, J. P. (2003). Dysregulation in high-anxious female prisoners:Attentionally mediated?. Cognitive therapy and research, 27(6), 681-696.

72.

Morash, M., & Schram, P. J. (2002). The prison experience: Special issues of women in prison. Waveland Press.

73.

Mumola, C. J. (2000). Incarcerated Parents and Their Children. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report.

74.

Murray, J., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Evidence ‐Based Programs for Children of Prisoners. Criminology & Public Policy, 5(4), 721-735.

75.

Murray, J., & Farrington, D. P. (2008). The effects of parental imprisonment on children. Crime and Justice, 37(1), 133-206.

76.

Murray, J., Farrington, D. P., & Sekol, I. (2012). Children's antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and educational performance after parental incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 138(2), 175.

77.

O'Connor, L., E., Berry, J. W., & Weuss, J. (1999). Interpersonal guilt, shame, and psychological problems. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18(2), 181-203.

78.

Omery, A. (1983). Phenomenology: a method for nursing research. Advances in nursing science, 5(2), 49-64.

79.

Padgett, D. K. (1998). Qualitative methods in social work research: Challenges and rewards. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.

80.

Poehlmann, J. (2005). Incarcerated mothers' contact with children, perceived family relationships, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Family Psychology, 19(3), 350.

81.

Reisig, M. D., Morash, M., & Ho Lee, Y. (1999). Powerlessness, isolation, and future expectations: A gender‐based analysis of Korean inmates. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 23(2), 215-226.

82.

Roberts, D. E. (2000). Criminal justice and black families: The collateral damage of overenforcement. UC Davis L. Rev., 34, 1005.

83.

Schram, P. J., & Morash, M. (2002). Evaluation of a life skills program for woman innates in Michigan. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 34(4), 47-70.

84.

Shin, Yeunhee. (1997). The Economic Situations of Women in Korea and Crime among Married Women. Michigan State University Master's Thesis.

85.

Stanton, A. M. (1980). When mothers go to jail. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

86.

Travis, J., McBride, E. C., & Solomon, A. L. (2003). Families left behind: The hidden costs of incarceration and reentry. Washington, DC:Urban Institute.

87.

Turek, E. H., & Loper, A. B. (2006). Contact between incarcerated mothers and their children: Assessing parenting stress. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 43(1), 23-43.

88.

Urban, L. S., & Burton, B. (2015). Evaluating the Turning Points Curriculum: A Three-Year Study to Assess Parenting Knowledge in a Sample of Incarcerated Women. Journal of Correctional Education, 66(1), 58.

The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology