This study was conducted to figure out influences of certain personality variables of women on onset and maintenance of body dysmorphic disorder. To identify predictive personality of women in body dysmorphic disorder and its symptoms, this study analyzed the relationship between certain personality variables of women and body dysmorphic concern. The participants, 307 women aged 20 to 60 years, completed BICI(Body Image Concern Inventory) for body dysmorphic concern, The Korean Personality Disorder Test for Personality Pathology, and NEO-IPIP(International Personality Item Pool) for Big 5 personality traits. The correlation analysis between body dysmorphic concern and personality revealed that body dysmorphic concern was strong positively correlated with typical personality pathology across all subjects. Also the result of analysis showed that there was positive correlation between body dysmorphic concern and neuroticism whereas it indicated that the concern had a negative correlation with extroversions and conscientiousness. Of the total, 37.4% variables of Body dysmorphic concern was account for dependent personality disorder trait, narcissistic personality disorder traits, anti social personality disorder trait and paranoid personality disorder traits. Among those traits, dependent personality disorder trait was identified as the most remarkable one. In addition, neuroticism and conscientiousness of personality five factor accounted 14.3% of the total variables. Finally, we discussed the limits of measurement in body dysmorphic disorder and the influences of personality variables on onset and maintenance of body dysmorphic disorder in women.
The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relations among extraversion and neuroticism, marital intimacy, stress and maternal-fetal attachment. A self-reported survey was conducted on 211 pregnant women who participated in prenatal education program in Seoul and Gyeonggi, and Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data. The results were as follows: first, pregnant women’s extraversion influenced directly maternal-fetal attachment, but neuroticism did not have a direct influence on maternal-fetal attachment. Second, pregnant women’s extraversion influenced indirectly maternal-fetal attachment via marital intimacy. Third, pregnant women’s neuroticism influenced indirectly maternal-fetal attachment via stress. Finally, pregnant women’s extraversion influenced maternal-fetal attachment indirectly through marital intimacy and stress. Based on these results, strategies to improve maternal-fetal attachment were discussed.
This study examined a) natural grouping of 211 Korean female college students in terms of two subscales of perfectionism (high standard and discrepancy) and two dimensions of adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and b) the differences on appearance dissatisfaction, appearance orientation, abnormal eating behaviors, depression, and life satisfaction among the cluster groups. The results of cluster analysis yielded four groups. First, the ‘nonperfectionism-stable attachment’ group was characterized by low levels of high standard, discrepancy, anxiety attachment, and avoidance attachment. Second, the ‘adaptative perfectionism-stable attachment’ group, characterized by high levels of high standard and low levels of discrepancy, anxiety attachment, and avoidance attachment, reported the lowest levels of appearance dissatisfaction and depression, yet highest level of life satisfaction. Third, the ‘maladaptive perfectionism-anxious attachment’ group, characterized by high levels of high standard, discrepancy, and anxiety attachment and a low level of avoidance attachment, reported the highest levels of appearance orientation and abnormal eating behaviors. Lastly, the ‘negative self-evaluation-unstable attachment’ group, characterized by a low level of high standard but high levels of discrepancy, anxiety attachment, and avoidance attachment, showed the highest levels of appearance dissatisfaction and depression, yet lowest level of life satisfaction.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of self-disclosure, social support and intentional rumination of a female high school student who experienced relational loss on posttraumatic growth. This study also aims to examine whether the intentional rumination mediates the relationship between self-disclosure, social support and posttraumatic growth. For this purpose, the questionnaires were carried out to 415 high school students in capital area. In this questionnaire, unreliable responses, a traumatic events which just happened one month ago, the data which marked the pain level below 4 points after traumatic event and cases that were not related to a relational loss were excluded. Finally, 286 questionnaires were analyzed for this study. For analysis, traumatic event experience questionnaire, self-disclose scale, social support scale, intentional rumination scale and Korea posttraumatic growth inventory were used. The result was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. A basic statistics and structure equation model analysis were carried out. The significance of structural model’s mediator effect was proved with Bootstrap method. Main results are as follows. First, posttraumatic growth showed significant correlation with self-disclosure, social support and intentional rumination. Second, intentional rumination fully mediates the relationship between self-disclosure and posttraumatic growth. also, indicate that intentional rumination partially mediates the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth. Finally, the implication and limitation of this study were discussed with suggestions for future research.
The purpose of this study was to explore the life and the experience of the family relation that female ex-offenders undergo during and after incarceration, and to understand its meaning and the nature. Semistructured interviews were held with 10 female ex-offenders in their 30s and 50s who had housing and education service from Korea Rehabilitation Agency in Ministry of Justice. The collected information was analyzed by the Colazzi's(1978) strategy of descriptive phenomenology data analysis. The significant statements extracted from the transcript were sorted into categories, clusters of themes, and themes. The results were composed of 22 themes, 6 clusters of themes, and 2 categories of incarceration life and family restoration after released from the prison. Clusters of themes in incarceration life was 'incarceration life without family', 'worrisome children', 'husband in my side and the other side' and clusters of themes in family restoration after released from the prison was 'along with the family after returning home', 'the heavier the yoke of mother as ex-offender', 'like it or not, he is my husband'. The discussion and implication are provided based on the result of this study.
The purpose of this study is to identify male and femal’s general attitudes of stalikng, and to investigate the effect of gender egalitarianism and sexism on the acceptance of stalking myths. The participants were 287 (201 females, 86 males). Frequency, t-test and correlation were used for the analysis of data collected from participants. In this study, the participants considered stalking as an events to occur in romantic or intimate relationship. They perceived the motive of stalking as a control and dominance of others. Female participants were higher than male on gender egalitarianism, and male were higher than female on stalking myths and ambivalent sexism. There were significant positive or negative correlations among these variables, and the participants to have high gender egalitarianism less accepted stalking myths. In contrast, the participants to have high sexism had a higher stalking myths acceptance than participants to have low. These finding showed that the acceptance of stalking myths could be changed according to gender egalitarianism and sexism. There for, to prevent stalking, it should be corrected wrong myths of stalking, on the other hand, it will be increased the gender egalitarianism, and needed education correcting the sexism.
The purpose of the present study was to examine gender differences in positive mental health types of adolescents. For this purpose, the present study analyzed the data from 2015 Korea Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-based Survey collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control. The participants were 68,043 adolescents (35,204 males, 32,839 females) who participated in the survey. The present study investigated whether there were gender differences according to positive mental health types suggested by Keyes and Lopez(2002). The results showed that the languishing group and the struggling group exhibited greater gender differences than the flourishing group and the maladjustment group. With increasing age, languishing type cases increased among females students while struggling type cases increased among male students. These findings suggest gender differences in positive mental health types of adolescents. Lastly, the limitations and implications of the present study, and directions for future research were discussed.
The purposes of the present study were (1) to analyze paths of vocational calling to life satisfaction among employees by examining the mediating effect of meaning in life in the relationship between vacational calling and life satisfaction, and (2) to test gender difference in the effects of the paths as well as the levels of the variables in the mediation model. Data were collected from 628 employees of various jobs, and those from 310 male subjects and 310 female after elimination of inadequate sample were analyzed. In order to examine the mediation model, structural equation modeling was conducted through AMOS programs. The results showed that the partial mediation model of meaning in life was supported and the significant gender difference not existed in the path coefficients. And the latent mean analysis demonstrated that male employees had higher levels in vocational calling, meaning in life, and life satisfaction than female employees. Finally, discussions on the meaning of the results and suggestions for future research were provided.