본 연구에서는 청소년기의 우울증상, 부정적 자동적 사고, 그리고 부정적 인지오류의 성차를 확인하고, 우울증상의 성차에 대한 부정적 자동적 사고, 부정적 인지오류의 매개효과를 규명하였다. 서울, 대전에 위치한 중, 고등학교학생 690명을 대상으로 조사하였으며, 연구 도구는 우울척도(CES-D), 아동용 자동적 사고 척도(K-CATS), 아동용 부정적 인지오류 질문지(CNCEQ)를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 청소년기 우울증상, 부정적 자동적 사고의 총점과 하위요인인 적대적 인지가 여학생에서 높았다. 청소년기 우울증상, 부정적 자동적 사고, 부정적 인지오류에 대해 성별 학년별로 비교한 결과 우울증상은 남학생에 비해 여학생이 높았고, 부정적 자동적 사고는 연령 증가에 따른 증가추세를 보였으며, 학년에 따라 증가하였다. 특히 고등학교 3학년에서 우울증상과 부정적 자동적 사고가 급격히 증가하여 우울증의 취약 연령으로 확인되었다. 청소년기 우울증상과 부정적 자동적 사고, 부정적 인지오류의 상관관계는 매우 높았다. 부정적 자동적 사고와 부정적 인지오류의 인지왜곡이 우울증의 성차에 미치는 영향력을 규명한 결과, 부정적 자동적 사고의 총점과 하위요인인 적대적 인지가 우울증의 성차를 매개하는 변인으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 인지왜곡의 우울증 성차에 대한 매개효과를 확인하였다.
The aim of this study was to verify gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms, negative automatic thoughts, and negative cognitive errors. We also examined the mediating effects of cognitive distortions on gender differences. CES-D, K-CATS, and CNCEQ were administered to 690 middle and high school students in grades 7 through 12. The results were as follows: Female students showed more depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts, scoring higher on the hostility subscales. Additionally, female students became more depressive than males as their age increased, and negative automatic thoughts increased in both females and males as their ages increased. Particularly, drastic changes in depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts were noted in grade 12 students, and this result confirms that students in this grade are particularly vulnerable to depression. In terms of negative cognitive errors, scores decreased as the grade increased. Furthermore, depressive symptoms, negative automatic thoughts, and negative cognitive errors were all highly correlated. Finally, the total score of negative automatic thoughts and the hostility subscale had a mediating effect on gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms. In short, the mediating effects of cognitive distortion on gender differences in depressive symptoms were confirmed.
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