This study examined the effects of job stress, resolving style of problems, and goal instability on nurses' emotional exhaustion. The study also examines resolving style of problems, and goal instability may mediate the relationship between job stress and emotional exhaustion. To this end, a survey was conducted with hospital nurses. The survey included a total of 320 nurses from 4 general hospitals located in Gwangju city. The main findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, the levels of nurses' emotional exhaustion were predicted in terms of age. Secondly, the levels of nurses' emotional exhaustion were predicted in terms of job stress. Thirdly, after controlling the job stress effect, the levels of nurses' emotional exhaustion were predicted in terms of goal instability. Fourthly, suppressive coping style and goal instability were found to play a mediating role in the relationship between job stress and emotional exhaustion. The present study provides intervention strategies and training skills for reducing burnout rates in nurses via field research.
Structural equation modeling was conducted to explore the relationship among variables affecting the psychological well-being of day-care grandmothers. One hundred and twenty-five day-care grandmothers of kindergarten children participated in this study. Predictors for grandmothers’ well-being were parenting stress, social support, selection-optimization-compensation (SOC) strategies, and grandparenthood meaning (GM). The model showed good model fit. All paths in the model were significant except for GM to psychological well-being. Mediated by parenting stress, social support and GM had an indirect effect to psychological well-being. SOC was not correlated to parenting stress. According to this integrative well-being model, social support and GM were buffers against parenting stress. Implications and limitations, as well as future directions are discussed.
The Purpose of this study was to determine effects of family-of-origin characteristic and conflicts with in-laws on marital satisfaction. For this purpose, the Family System Diagnosis Scale(FSDS), Conflicts between Mother-in-law and Daughter-in-law scale(CBMD), Conflicts Between Mother-in-law and Son- in-law scale(CBMS), and the Korean Marital Satisfaction Inventory scale(K-MSI) were administrated to 274 married couples, and data were analyzed using stepwise regression and structural equation modeling. First, husband's family-of-origin characteristic was significant variables that explained marital satisfaction. However, wife's family-of-origin characteristic was not significant variables that explained marital satisfaction. Second, wife's family-of-origin characteristic was significant variables that explained conflicts between mother-in-law and son-in-law. Moreover, conflicts between mother-in-law and son-in-law was significant variables that explained husband's marital satisfaction. Third, husband's family-of-origin characteristic was significant variables that explained conflicts between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. These results indicated that husband's family-of-origin characteristic had significant path on husband's marital satisfaction. However, this path was not significant for wife. In addition, conflicts in-laws and marital satisfaction had significant path when family-of-origin characteristic was mediated. Implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.
The Purpose of this study was to determine effects of family-of-origin characteristic and conflicts with in-laws on marital satisfaction. For this purpose, the Family System Diagnosis Scale(FSDS), Conflicts between Mother-in-law and Daughter-in-law scale(CBMD), Conflicts Between Mocher-in-law and Son-in-law scald(CBMS), and the Korean Marital Satisfaction Inventory scale(K-MSI) were administrated to 274 married couples, and data were analyzed using stepwise regression and structural equation modeling. First, husband's family-of-origin characteristic was significant variables that explained marital satisfaction. However, wife's family-of-origin characteristic was not significant variables that explained marital satisfaction. Second, wife's family-of-origin characteristic was significant variables that explained conflicts between mother-in-law and son-in-law. Moreover, conflicts between mother-in-law and son-in-law was significant variables that explained husbands marital satisfaction. Third, husband's family-of-origin characteristic was significant variables that explained conflicts between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. These results indicated that husband's family-of-origin characteristic had significant path on husband's marital satisfaction. However, this path was not significant for wife. In addition, conflicts in-laws and marital satisfaction had significant path when family-of-origin characteristic was mediated. Implications and suggestions for future research were discussed.
This study assessed the ability of the theory of social identity and relative deprivation to account for the effects of group status, legitimacy, and stability of women on gender social identity, group relative deprivation and collective action. A sample of Korean women(N=637) was surveyed with questionnaire constructed to measure group status, legitimacy, and stability of women on gender social identity, relative deprivation and social identity management strategy. The Results showed the addition of relative deprivation led to the significant increments(higher level recategorization 2.8%, change of comparison dimension 6.3%, collective action 16.1%) in amount of explained variance in social identity management strategy. This result shows usability of social identity theory and group relative deprivation in male-female inter-group relationship. The significance, implications, and limitations of these findings were discussed and topics to be investigated in the future study were mentioned.
This study investigated the mental health status of women inmates in correctional facilities and factors that affect it, and the needs for mental health services. In order to achieve the study purpose, the authors analyzed scores of a mental diagnosis examination (SCL-90-R: Symptom Check List-90-Revision) of 270 women inmates who were currently imprisoned. Sociodemographic variables such as age, marriage status, religion, child care status, drug-related variable, experience of abuse, and social support were examined. The mental health status and the needs for mental health services and relevancy were also investigated. The results indicated that there was no difference in mental diagnosis examination scores and consequent mental health risk ratio between women inmates and lay women. However, the results also showed significant differences in mental health statues of inmates based on the variables such as the status of child care, being the main care provider under the age of 18, factors related to drug use, previously committed crime, frequency of letter exchange, previous experience of abuse, and social support. Furthermore, the reported desire for mental health services of women inmates varied depending on age, effects of religion, child care status, family contact, and factors related to letter communication. The desire for mental health services of women inmates also differed by the level of subordinate symptoms on SCL-90-R and the degrees of severity. The fact that child care status and social support affect the mental health of women inmates indicates the necessity of mental health services and policy, which can support the relationship of women inmates and their family members, as well as needed social support system. The reported desire for counseling service of mentally weakened group strongly suggests the necessity of correctional counseling services in forensic settings. Further implications of the findings are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to test the moderating effects of social support in the relationship between housewives' life stress and coping style of middle-aged women. In this study, prediction variable was housewives' life stress, moderator variable was social support, and outcome variable was coping style. The subject were 297 women (aged 40-59) from Seoul, Gyeonggi province. The data was analyzed by correlation analysis in order to find out the correlation coefficient of those variables among housewives' life stress, social support & coping style, and Multiple group analysis were done in order to investigate moderating effects of social support. The results of this study are as follows: First, it was proved that the correlation coefficient of those variables among housewives' life stress, social support & coping style were statistically significant. Second, it was proved that social support exerted as moderating variable in the relationship between housewives' life stress and coping style of middle-aged women. That is, those in high social support(emotional, evaluative, informational and material support), high housewives' life stress group showed high positive coping style. And those in low social support(emotional, informational and material support), high housewives' life stress group showed high negative coping style. Therefore, in order to help housewives' life stress of middle-aged women, various counseling strategies are required in terms of improving their social supports.
The purpose of this study is to know what is limerence in romantic relationships and to investigate factors affecting limerence and its mediation effects in romantic relationships. To accomplish the purposes, this study was progressed in two process. The first study investigates concept and components of limerence using an open-ended questionnaire. The results of the study are as follows. First, limerence was defined intrusive thinking about the object of your passionate desire who is possible sexual partner, acuting longing for reciprocation, dependency of mood on partner’s actions or your interpretation of partner’s actions with respect to the probability of reciprocation. Second, components of limerence have been found suspicion, fear of rejection, jealousy, longing and imperfection, oversensitive. In the second study, I investigated factors affecting limerence using structural equation model examination. The components are Individual factor (unstable attachment), love factor, partner factor(liking expression, implying supporting, intimacy expression). To examine the integrated relation of each factor, It was used structural equation model examination. As results, each factor affects limerence. In detail, unstable attachment has been found to be the biggest effector both male and female. that behaviors of a partner has been found to be effector only for female. partner factors and love factors(passion level, intimacy level, responsibility level) was examined as factor making limerence only for female, that partner factor(liking expression, implying supporting, intimacy expression) was examined as a factor decreasing limerence in girls. These results indicate that limerence is not made from only individual factor. The results would help understanding limerence of romantic relationship and improving in romantic relationship.
The aim of this study was to verify gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms, negative automatic thoughts, and negative cognitive errors. We also examined the mediating effects of cognitive distortions on gender differences. CES-D, K-CATS, and CNCEQ were administered to 690 middle and high school students in grades 7 through 12. The results were as follows: Female students showed more depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts, scoring higher on the hostility subscales. Additionally, female students became more depressive than males as their age increased, and negative automatic thoughts increased in both females and males as their ages increased. Particularly, drastic changes in depressive symptoms and negative automatic thoughts were noted in grade 12 students, and this result confirms that students in this grade are particularly vulnerable to depression. In terms of negative cognitive errors, scores decreased as the grade increased. Furthermore, depressive symptoms, negative automatic thoughts, and negative cognitive errors were all highly correlated. Finally, the total score of negative automatic thoughts and the hostility subscale had a mediating effect on gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms. In short, the mediating effects of cognitive distortion on gender differences in depressive symptoms were confirmed.